Daily Learning Goal: I can describe the major reasons for “New Imperialism” and construct a comparison of Kipling and Rhodes’ viewpoints on Imperialism Agenda: Overview of New Imperialism The White Man’s Burden and “Confession of Faith” Homework: -Re-read the section on Christian Missions p.720 -Read The Scramble for Africa p.723-726 Q1: How were the actions and intentions of missionaries different from other European interactions abroad? Q2: What impact did the Berlin Conference have on the colonization of Africa?

Reading Quiz 1. What is Social Darwinism and how was it applied to the concept of society? 2. What were the major motivations behind "New Imperialism"? 3. How did the idea of the White Man's Burden act as a motivator for New Imperialism?

Imperialism Old and New Goals: Expansion of territory for increased economic and political power (mercantilism and colonization) Spread of Christianity (Catholicism) Acquisition of Natural Resources European Winners: England, Spain, Portugal Goals: Expansion of European social norms, values and traditions New marketplaces for trade of industrially manufactured goods Acquisition of natural resources European Winners: England, France and ???

Industrialization, Militarization and Imperialism Industrialization leads to Imperialism Industrialization required raw materials such as rubber and palm oil. These resources were rare in Europe, but abundant elsewhere. Maxed out European markets Increased capacity for transportation of goods Non-developed countries served as easy targets for manufactured goods Industrialization and Militarism Militarism is the aggressive expansion of a country’s military either through the size of the standing army or through advancement of weaponry Industrialization provided both increased supply of weapons (bullets, guns, etc.) as well as innovation of types of weapons (Gatling Gun  Machine Gun, etc.).

Nationalism and Imperialism Integral Nationalists – Nationalists who believed in the superiority of their race, ethnicity or country, saw Imperialism as an opportunity for Nations to increase their power and prove their cultural superiority. European countries who had suffered defeats against their continental rivals found comfort and pride in their ability to expand their influence in distant parts of the world. Competition between European nations fueled the land-grabs because more territory was required to protect the colonies. Ex: Northern Africa – France in Tunisia, Italy in Libya and G.B. in Egypt.

Social Darwinism Social Darwinism is the application of Darwin’s theories of evolution and natural selection to the social realm. Herbert Spencer – an English philosopher who came up with the phrase “Survival of the fittest” was one of many who theorized that societies grew through struggle, and that the strongest were the ones to survive and thrive. Social Darwinism made its way into the Imperialism discussion as some people saw Europeans as a superior race to Africans and Asians. Social Darwinism was easily coupled with Nationalism to be used as a rationale for Imperialism.

The White Man’s Burden – Rudyard Kipling What is Kipling calling for in lines 2-8? What does Kipling see as a benefit of imperialism in lines 15-17? What do lines 22-24 show about Kipling’s view on non-European cultures? Who does Kipling think European countries should appeal to with their Imperialist actions? (Lines 29-32) What does Kipling mean by “The White Man’s burden”? Does he really see this as a ‘burden’? Compare Kipling’s views on Imperialism to those of Cecil Rhodes. Use the HAP-P format in your comparison.