ASSESSMENT OF STEPPE SOILS IN CONDITIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE Ruslan Suleymanov, Ilyusya Gabbasova Ufa Institute of Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences E-mail: soils@mail.ru

Our research was conducted near the Ural mountains

The land on which studies according to the scheme of soil and agroecological zoning refers to the steppe zone

The soil cover is represented by:

Climatic data Climate - continental. Winter is cold. Summer is dry. Sum of active temperatures – 2000-2200 degrees Rainfall for the year - 270-350 mm. Repeatability droughts from 40 to 50%.

Temperature change in comparison with the past century the average temperature has increased by about one degree

Rainfall (average per month) we also see an increase a rainfall in the winter and decrease in summer

Intensive agricultural use The total area of 1 Intensive agricultural use The total area of 1.5 million hectares, arable land is 600 thousand hectares, it is 40%, there are also pastures (18%) and hay (7%)

The prevailing wind erosion a high percentage of agricultural land use contributes to the development of wind erosion. we can see that about 50% of the land eroded

Composition of water-soluble salts Horizon, depth, cm HCO3- Cl- SO42- Ca2+ Mg2+ Na++K+ mEq/100 g soil Agricultural soils А1 0-20 0.72 0.58 0.89 0.62 0.90 0.67 АВ 20-39 0.57 2.23 1.41 1.84 1.04 1.32 Вс 39-60 0.7 4.32 3.88 3.32 2.68 2.9 Virgin soils A1 0-28 0.20 0.10 0.48 0.42 0.14 0.22 AB 28-45 0.24 0.07 0.15 0.09 0.56 Bc 45-67 1.58 0.69 0.52 0.78 2.0 Increased evaporation from arable land contributes to the transfer of salts in the upper soil horizons

A small amount and poor living condition of forest belts (can not perform its protective function)

extractive industries the main deposits: Copper Gold Manganese Zinc Limestone Granite

Problems: 1. Heavy metal pollution. 2. The change in water chemistry. 3. Modification of the hydrological regime. 4. Waste and waste dumps. 5. Large areas of degraded land. 6. The total destruction of the landscape.

The chemical composition of the quarry water Components Buribay Sibai Bakr Tau Uchaly Ca2+ mg/l 175.0 28.6 22.1 185.2 Mg2+ mg/l 304.8 1836.0 698.8 180.7 Na++K+ mg/l 51.6 202.0 21.0 11.3 Fe3+ mg/l 0.5 693.2 308.0 220.0 SO42- mg/l 237.0 2023.0 10066.0 2514.0 HCO3- mg/l 61.0 Cl- mg/l 1103.2 11.8 630.4 236.4 Mn mg/l 176.0 314.0 43.1 11.9 Cu mg/l 352.0 1884.0 129.3 14.9 Zn mg/l 9734.0 653.0 34.7 pH 2.95 2.65 2.70 2.75 Eh +400.0 +425.0 +550 +565.0 dry residue, g/l 44.0 21.55 4.95 highly mineralized sulphide polymetallic water with low pH values and high - Eh

The main problems of the study area Thus, the study area is unstable ecosystem. The intensive use of land for agriculture, climate change (drought), erosion, a small area of forest belts, extractive industries contribute to the destruction of ecosystems The main problems of the study area Nature Anthropogenic temperature increase reduction in rainfall drought intensive agricultural use plowing pastures soil salinization  extractive industry technogenic salinization waste decrease in groundwater levels unsustainable water use deflation poor living condition of forest belts

Thank you for attention!