Lecture Computer Networks DNS (Domain Name System)

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Presentation transcript:

Lecture Computer Networks DNS (Domain Name System) Prof. Dr. H.P. Großmann Department of Information Resource Management University of Ulm, Germany

DNS (Domain Name System) is a distributed database that is used by TCP/IP applications to translate between symbolic names and IP addresses and to provide mail routing information. jedi.e-technik.uni-ulm.de  134.60.30.118 student.uni-ulm.de  orion-fddi.rz.uni-ulm.de

Top Level Domains Top level domains (right-most components) were defined by a global authority.

Generic Domains Domain Description com commercial organizations edu educational institutions gov other U.S. governmental organizations int international organizations mil U.S. military net networks org other organizations

Country Domains Domain Description (Examples) ch Switzerland de Germany fr France in India uk United Kingdom us USA

Names Organizations (e.g. universities, companies) apply for names in a top-level domain: uni-ulm.de macdonalds.com Organizations determine own internal structure (they can create any internal DNS hierarchy and need not contact any central naming authority ) e-technik.uni-ulm.de mathematik.uni-ulm.de Each organization maintains its own database of information and runs name server programs that other systems across the Internet (clients) can query.

Example DNS Hierarchy

Example A host wants the IP address of jedi.e-technik.uni-ulm.de:

What does a name server X when it doesn´t know the requested information?  name server X contacts other name servers Each name server has to know the top level name servers, the lowest level server knows the answer of the request (e.g. IP address)

Hierarchy of Name Servers root name servers (13 at the moment) the authoritative name servers for root domain know names and IP addresses of each authoritative name server for all the top level domains authoritative name servers for a top level domain (e.g. de - 6 at the moment) know names and IP addresses of each authoritative name server for the second level domains authoritative name servers for a second level domain (e.g. uni-ulm.de - 5 at the moment) ...

Example (2)

Resource Records The different types of entries in the NSs databases (examples) Name Description A IP address (find IP address for a given name) NS name server (get all NSs of a domain) PTR pointer record (find name for a given IP address) MX mail exchange record (find receiver of a mail address)