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Presentation transcript:

R. C. James Photograph

Necker Cube

Necker Cube

Necker Cube

Necker Cube

Movement Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9fBjNYKT0NY

Visual Organization & Interpretation

Gestalt Means “form” or “whole.” When given a cluster of sensations, our brain has a tendency to organize these pieces of information into wholes. Our brain tries to make sense out of things, even when there is incomplete sensation.

What is the figure and what is the ground? Figure-Ground Organize visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (back-ground) What is the figure and what is the ground?

Figure-Ground

Figure-Ground Our minds organize figures into meaningful form by following rules for grouping the figures. There are three basic gestalt rules for perceiving a whole, rather than parts: Proximity: group nearby figures Continuity: continuous patterns as one thing instead of several Closure: your brain fills in “gaps” to complete a whole.

Grouping

Grouping

Grouping Closure

Depth Perception Allows us to see three dimensions even though images on retina are two dimensional Allows us to judge distance Visual cliff experiment Depth perception is probably innate Monocular cues Binocular cues

Tennis ball experiment Depth Perception Tennis ball experiment

Monocular Cues Interposition or Overlap Light and Shadow Linear Perspective Aerial or Atmospheric perspective

Binocular Cues Retinal Disparity: Your eyes are about 2-1/2 inches apart so your retinas receive different images. Your brain compares the images to judge how close something is.

Motion Perception Your brain perceives shrinking objects as retreating, growing objects as converging. Also perceives motion according to stroboscopic movement – like film animation. Phi phenomenon – a succession of lights creates the impression of movement

Perceptual Consistency We can recognize objects without being deceived by changes in the angle we are viewing from, distance, or illumination. Color Consistency: perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object. In other words, color depends on its context.

Shape & Size Consistency We perceive objects to have a constant size even if the image size on our retina changes.

Shape & Size Consistency Moon illusion: There are depth cues on the horizon. As it rises, it will still be the same size, but perceived as smaller because there are no objects for comparison.

Color Consistency

Color Consistency

Squares A & B are identical in color Relative Luminance Squares A & B are identical in color

Squares A & B are identical in color Relative Luminance Squares A & B are identical in color