Block I: Legacy of Early Islam UKS2 Topic: Early Islamic Civilisation Block I: Legacy of Early Islam Session 3 Four Key Islamic Scholars © Original resource copyright Hamilton Trust, who give permission for it to be adapted as wished by individual users. We refer you to our warning, at the foot of the block overview, about links to other websites.

Mahommed al-Khwarizmi Video icon is hyperlinked to web-page Image: https://themuslimtimesdotinfodotcom.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/al-khwarizmi.jpg Mahommed al-Khwarizmi

Muhammad al-Fazari Muhammad al-Fazari was a Muslim philosopher, mathematician and astronomer. He is most widely remembered as the inventor of the astrolabe, an astronomical ‘computer’ that solves problems relating to time and the position of the sun and stars. An ancient astrolabe was made of brass, was about 15cm in diameter and was used to find the date or time, predict events such as phase of the moon and – importantly - as a navigational instrument. Extract from the Sindhind An astrolabe Along with Yaʿqūb ibn Ṭāriq and his father, Muhammad al-Fazari helped to translate the Indian astronomical text, the Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta, into Arabic, known as the Sindhind. Images: http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pUQqGkRrguw/USrMKYBek7I/AAAAAAAAADw/ivT8IhMznhI/s1600/3261866968_9fa924ac7a.jpg, http://america.pink/images/4/9/1/0/1/1/5/en/1-zij-al-sindhind.jpg Many researchers believe that this translation was possibly the means by which the Hindu numerals were transmitted from India to Islam!

Images: http://uploads. edubilla. com/inventors/a3/9b/alJazari Ismail al-Jazari

Fatima al-Batayahiyyah During the 8th century CE, Fatima al-Batayahiyyah taught Sahih Bukhari (one of the Kutub al-Sittah – the six major hadith collections of Sunni Islam) in Damascus. She was known as one of the greatest scholars of that period, demonstrated especially during the Hajj when leading male scholars of the day flocked from afar to hear her speak in person. Later in life, she moved to Madinah and taught her students for days at a time in the Prophet’s mosque itself. It is said that whenever she tired, she would rest her head on Muhammad'spbuh grave and continue to teach her students. Not all scholars were men!