Timepix for the AIDA Telescope Recent(ish) results from the Timepix Telescope project Richard Plackett, University of Glasgow

Outline The Timepix Chip Timepix Telescope Spatial Resolution Readout Systems and Track Readout Rate Timing and LHC 40MHz compatibility Some Example Results Integration with AIDA

Configurable ‘shutter’ allows many different applications The Medipix Chips Silicon, 3D, CdTe, GaAs, Amorphous Silicon, Gas Amplification, Microchannel Plates etc… A philosophy of functionality built into the pixel matrix allows complex behavior with a minimal inactive region Configurable ‘shutter’ allows many different applications 55um square pixel matrix 256 by 256

Analogue amplification The Timepix Chip Timepix design requested and funded by EUDET collaboration Threshold Time of Arrival Time of Arrival counts to the end of the Shutter Time over Threshold Threshold Time Over Threshold counts to the falling edge of the pulse Conventional Medipix2 counting mode remains. sensor Addition of a clock up to 100MHz allows two new modes. Time over Threshold Time of Arrival Analogue amplification Digital processing Pixels can be individually programmed into one of these three modes Chip read-out

Angled Planes to Boost Resolution Hits that only affect one pixel have limited resolution (30um region in 55um pixel) Tilting the sensor means all tracks charge share and use the ToT information in centroid, CoG calculations 55um 300um 9o 55um 300um 0o Perp ~10um resolution 9o ~4.2um resolution Indicative Timepix events

Timepix Telescope – Resolution per Plane Timepix: 55 mm pitch Operating point of Telescope planes Resolution measured at Testbeam Resolution per plane 4um Resolution at Device Under Test (with 8 planes) 1.6um

Timepix Telescope Arm Prototype early 2010 USB2 readout – 700 tracks per second 6 pixel telescope planes angled in 2 dimensions to optimise resolution Fine pitch strip detector with fast electronics readout Device Under Test moved and rotated via remote controlled stepper motor

Timepix Telescope Arm Prototype late 2010 High Resolution Large Area X-Ray Detector RELAXD readout from NIKHEF 55 frames per second over gigabit Ethernet 5,000k tracks per second readout 50,000,000 tracks recorded in 2 weeks Eight different DUTs analysed RELAXD interface RELAXD interface RELAXD interface beam Cooled DUT Timepix ToT Tracking Timepix ToT Tracking

Added Time Tagging Capability to ~1ns Asynchronous SPS beam not suited to LHC systems designed for 25ns bunch structure Implemented a TDC which with Timepix ToA mode gives us ~1ns per track time stamping Able to provide and record synchronised triggers to 40MHz readout systems (TELL1) Allows software reconstruction and analysis of asynchronous tracks Telescope in Time Tagging configuration for LHCb Sensor Readout Timepix ToA Track Time Tagging Plane ~100ns beam Beetle DUT Timepix ToT Tracking Timepix ToT Tracking Scintillator Coincidence and TDC ~1ns Synchronised Trigger Logic + TDC

Timepix Telescope TLU Currently we use 2 NIM crates and a VME TDC to perform timing tasks Controlling the Shutter – eg selecting X particles per frame Providing triggers to external systems Measuring the phase between synchronised and unsynchronised triggers We hope to replace all this with a much more portable TLU based on an Altera development board. Work is ongoing at Santiago. Need to plan for integration to AIDA TLU

Moving to Full Telescope Arms Major hardware work remaining is to make the system easier to set up and use Very strong overlap with proposed AIDA work Si bias Arm VHDCI 3V Si bais 3V Busy Readout RELAXD + PSUs Shutter Ethernet 240V VHDCI

Some Results from the Timepix Telescope...

Example Frame from 2010 Testbeam

150um Sensor Results With a 150um sensor the optimum resolution point is at twice the angle of a 300um The higher data rate allows a significant number of measurements to be taken

Sub Pixel Resolution Position of 1, 2, 3 and 4 pixel clusters plotted as a function of track position within the pixel 1 pixel 2 pixel 3 pixel 4 pixel

2009 Results – 3D Sensors Double sided 3D sensor Efficiency Double sided 3D sensor Perpendicular particles passing through a doped hole will deposit less charge in the silicon The sub-pixel resolution of the telescope allows us to see the efficiency losses due to the anode and cathode wells in the silicon.

Timepix Arm Performance Summary 1.7mm spatial resolution 1ns timing resolution Up to 5kHz track rate >1Mhz instantaneous beam rate

Next Steps for AIDA TLU Development and Testing Critical for shutter driven operation and timing resolution Critical for LHC 25ns bunch structure analysis Mechanics Integration Integration to other AIDA systems Preserve angled planes for high resolution Readout Integration Critical for track rate RELAXD currently 55 fps, increasing to 100 Institutes that expressed interest in the Timepix package in the proposal: CERN, Glasgow, Santiago, Liverpool, Bristol

Plans for AIDA Timepix Arms The overall plan is to develop systems similar to the Timepix Telescope for the AIDA Timepix arms. Sensors and readout systems should be available in the next 4 to 6 months From this meeting would like to understand the interfaces to other AIDA Telescope systems Readout, TLU, Control Software, Mechanics etc etc To retain the performance its critical to have input to TLU and mechanics design from the initial stages of development as well as specific testing programs Make use of overlap with other work packages eg Glasgow working on alignment in WP2

To Conclude The Timepix Telescope has demonstrated: Excellent spatial resolution: better than 1.7um track extrapolation error Good timing resolution: ~1ns A high data rate: ~5k tracks a second (hope to improve with software) All this can/will apply to AIDA Timepix Arms Still need to work on integration with other AIDA systems Readout TLU Services Effort for this available form CERN, Glasgow and Santiago Components should begin to be available in four to six months

Backup Slides

Timepix Telescope Project Members Closely linked to LHCb VELO upgrade project A slightly unofficial collaboration to develop a telescope to demonstrate tracking with the Timepix chips Major contributions from CERN : Timepix, Mechanics and Software Glasgow : Timepix and Timing logic Santiago Compostella : Mechanics and Timing logic Nikhef : Readout and Timing logic Oxford : Software

2010 Timepix Telescope - RELAXD Readout High Resolution Large Area X-Ray Detector RELAXD readout from NIKHEF 55 frames per second over gigabit ethernet

Efficiency Efficiency and noise appear as we expect

2009 Results - Timpix ToT Calibration Energy mapping of Timepix calibration is now confirmed with MIPs

Results 2009 - Ikrum Variations As Ikrum varied, change in ToT range observed and some loss in resolution PRELIMINARY - analysis by D. Hynds Amplifier Response Time

2010 Testbeam Activity Significant increase in activity 3 beam periods as main user Added Time Tagging System for 40MHz USB2 and RELAXD readouts for faster data rate More Timepix Planes in the Telescope Many Devices tested LHCb VELO Prototype strip 3D irradiated Timepix, FZ beetle strip, BCB beetle strip MCX beetle strip 150um Timepix 300um Timepix

2009 Testbeam - Proving Timepix for LHCb In early 2009 Timepix competing with Btev Fpix design to be VELO upgrade baseline Timepix had not been used at all in a particle tracking application We took the opportunity to run parasitically in EUDET and CMS beam periods Running parasitically required us to provide a telescope Main Measurements: 300um silicon and DS3D assemblies Resolution vs Angle Resolution vs Threshold Resolution vs Silicon Bias Efficiency vs Threshold Efficiency vs Bias Timewalk

Early Telescopes in 2009 June 2009 : Medipix Testbeam 3 days to demonstrate tracking July 2009 : CMS SiBit beam period Two weeks – parasitic Timepix Telescope 2 Timepix 2 Medipix ~perpendicular No DUT 2 Timepix 4 Medipix ~perpendicular 300um and 3D DUTs Manual angle adjustment

August 2009 Timepix Telescope 4 Timepix, 2 Medipix planes in telescope Symmetric positioning of planes around DUT Telescope planes mounted at nine degrees about x and y to boost resolution (next slide) DUT position and angle controlled remotely by stepper motors 2.3um Track Extrapolation Error ~100Hz track rate 1 frame per second ~100,000 tracks per measurement point ~1.5 hours per point in SPS NA