Introduction to Psychophysiology Lecture 1- introduction to introduction An year long voyage in Psychophysiology: Prof. Matti Mintz Ori Tal, M.A. Carlson the 6th edition (Hebrew version by the Open University) CD יסודות ביולוגיים של התנהגות The web English You… the active student

היחסים בין מורה לתלמיד על פי ואלפולה ראהולה: "מה שלימד הבודהה" על התלמיד לכבד את מורהו, לדאוג לצרכיו במידת הצורך וללמוד ברצינות. על המורה מצידו לאמן ולעצב את תלמידו בדרך הנכונה, ללמדו היטב, להציג אותו בפני חבריו ולנסות ולהשיג עבורו בטחון ותעסוקה, כאשר יסתיים חינוכו.

Future of Psychology Semester A: the brain, how it looks and how it works. Semester B: specific behavioral expressions of the brain. Little we know about the future of psychology. Future has several implications concerning your education plans.

Science moves to……..? Decade of the brain is over: Many details but no general rules discovered. Decade of the genomic: sequence discovered but what is the function? Decade of the behavior: oh God, would it really happen?

Why decade of behavior? Behavior is the highest organizing rule of: Genes: survival is the great selector.22.10.06 Brain: action extracts function from structure. Society: relations define the structure of the society. Evolution: dreams of advance define acceleration of evolution.

Future of Ψ in relation to biology (1) Classical question in Ψ: the nature of consciousness. Consciousness and Neuroscience Francis Crick The Salk Institute Christof Koch Computation and Neural Systems Program California Institute of Technology Do you see psychologists involved ????

Future of Ψ in relation to biology (2) We’re looking for very specific neuronal properties, not the collective activity of the entire brain (Koch). Rene Magritte

Future of Ψ in relation to biology (3) Caltech physical biochemist raises consciousness research to respectability (Did he ever took Introductory course in Psychology ???)

Future of Ψ in relation to genetics (1) New genes are discovered daily: Weinberger (2002) – mutation of 5-HT transporter predisposes to anxiety: Heterozygote? Homozygote? Dominant? Selective for 5-HT transporter or for all monoamines? Phenotype demonstrated by fMRI? Psychology graduate: how the hell it is related to anxiety????

Future of Ψ in relation to genetics (2) The headbanger mutant mice has vestibular phenotype. Is it related to anxiety?

Future of Ψ in relation to technology (1) Virtual Reality: Psychological treatment. fMRI context. Presence. What is presence ???? The virtual cave

Future of Ψ in relation to technology (2) VR is now used in psychological therapy. Most research on this subject is related to the concept of presence.

Future of Ψ in relation to technology (3) Computer games treat phobias Therapists seek virtual reality products under $50 By Kristen Gerencher, SAN FRANCISCO (CBS.MW): When it comes to treating exaggerated fears that interfere with daily life, more mental health experts are turning to PCs for help in getting patients back on track.

Future of Ψ in relation to technology (4) Kevin Kellay, Essays in Science and Society. Science, 1998. Western culture has pivoted around the arts; books, music, or painting ‘culture’. Film directors are cool…. Culture of Science has traditionally accepted the smartest students ….Scientists are cool…. Recently a third culture emerged, call it Nerd culture. Technology is their culture, and Nerds became cool. Artists would contemplate and abstract about the mind Scientists would measure and test the mind. Nerds would manufacture one!!!! Nerds settle the Q’n of how the mind works by building a working mind. 29/10/06

Future of Ψ in relation to technology (5) Intelligent autonomous companions Rodney A. Brooks- MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory

Future of Ψ in relation to technology (6) ADA: The Intelligent Space Project for Expo’02, Neuchâtel Behaves as an artificial creature. Interacts with visitors autonomously. Controlled by neuromorphic technology. Shows our understanding of the brain.

ADA: the smart space

A day in the life of ADA

Future of Ψ in relation to technology (7)

Future of Ψ in relation to technology (8) Human – machine hybrid. Is it possible? Ask Kurzweil…

Future of Ψ in relation to computation (1) Cerebellar anatomy Ghez & Tach, 2000

Future of Ψ in relation to computation (2) Cerebellar simulation (Working environment IQR421) Output Sensors/Preprocessing Memory/Learning Emotions Behavior Output

Reactive robot

Learning-adaptive robot

Future of Ψ in relation to evolution Control of behavior by: Over and under expression of genes. Insertion of genes. Localized expression of genes in the brain. Cultural evolution through ‘mems’.

Future of Ψ in relation to neurology and psychiatry Would psychology survive the advances in psychiatry? Would psychiatry survive the advances in neurology?

Neurology vs. psychiatry: somatic vs. metal health Somatic (Greek – soma) health refers to functions of the brain such as such as sensation (5 senses), movement, and sensory motor interactions (balance). Somatic conditions are treated by neurologists. For example, a stroke causes a lesion in the brain that may produce disturbances of movement, such as paralysis of limbs. Mental health refers to the successful performance in terms of thought, mood, and behavior. Mental disorders are those health conditions in which alterations in mental functions are paramount. When a stroke mainly produces alterations of thought, mood, or behavior, it is considered a mental condition (e.g., dementia).5/11/06

Future of biological psychiatry PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSIS IN THE DAWNING ERA OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE ( Eric D. Caine, M.D.). Psychiatry depends upon "syndromology" (DSM-IV) as their primary means for establishing diagnostic constructs.  This approach has had obvious therapeutic utility but was useless for discerning the pathobiological substrates of psychiatric disease. Medicine now is in the midst of a revolution involving genetics and molecular biology.  It is time to consider how we establish environmental and biological "causation" in psychiatry while taking in account disparate culture, social, psychological, and biological data. 

Education of a modern psychologist; clinical and otherwise (social, cognitive, experimental…) Think 10 yrs ahead….it’s 2016 Where are you working??? What are you doing there ??? Are you in the main stream ???

Daily life, science and introduction to psychophysiology In Dualism (Descartes) we believe at home: we react according to body rules but have also free-will mind. In Monism we believe at the laboratory: somatic rules can create any kind of behavior.

Explanation in psychophysiology Generalization (הכללה) in psychology. Reductionism (העמדה) in biology. Generalization & reductionism in psychobiology.

What is it?

Explanation by reductionism

What is it?

Explanation by generalization

We will use reductionism and generalization Barcelona Mannequin Salvador Dali , 1926

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