America at the Turn of the 20th Century The Social Pangs of Industrial Progress

The IR Changed Where We Lived and Who We Are Regional Population 1800-1900 Rural & Urban Population 1800-1900 Manifest Destiny took us from 13 States in 1800 to 45 States by 1900 But According to 1890 Census, Western Frontier was “Closed” Redirects American expansion Sparks Age of American Imperialism IR stimulated Economic Expansion 1865 US Industrial production was $2Bil 1900 figure jumped to $13Bil Represents 6 fold increase IR Sparked Rapid Urbanization Urban migration rose 1800 6% population 1900 60% Jobs were key draw Stimulated rise of new recreational activities amusement parks vaudeville (combined music, comedy and dance) Circus Spectator sports: boxing, baseball, football Department Stores (Macy’s) Skyscrapers IR Sparked Immigration 12 mil immigrants 1870-1920 By 1910 majority of urban populations foreign-born Over Half industrial labor force were foreign born New Immigrants: From: Southern and Eastern Europe Chinese and Japanese (200,000) Mexican (250,000) Offered: New Languages New Religions (Catholic and Judaism)

The Price of Industrial Progress Poor Working Conditions Child Labor Environmental Exploitation (John Ruskin)

The Price of Industrial Progress Political Corruption Chauvinism Continued

The Price of Industrial Progress Dumbbell Tenements Overcrowding

The Price of Industrial Progress Jim Crow America The Farmers’ Dilemma and the Rise of Populism

The Price of Industrial Progress Poor Working Conditions Environmental Exploitation Political Corruption Social Tensions Social Class Conflicts Jim Crow America Child Labor Exploitation Female Restrictions Farmers’ Dilemma

Progressive Change Demands Government Activism Social Darwinism Laissez-faire Government Modest Attempts at Regulation The Munn decision and Public Utilities Interstate Commerce Act But the E.C. Knight decision Sherman Anti-Trust Act In Re Debs Pendleton Act Plessy v. Ferguson The Progressive Movement