CITATONS & REFERENCES IN ASL PAPERS INT 720 Developed by Annie Marks

CITING OTHERS’ WORK IN YOUR PAPER Why? Academic integrity Synthesis of ideas – linking to previous research and academic discussion APA (American Psychological Association) Used for typed papers, but we also follow some formatting standards for ASL Papers.

TYPES OF CITATIONS In English papers we cite works and attribute ideas in different ways. Examples: Paraphrasing Summarizing Quotations

BUT WHAT DOES IT LOOK LIKE IN ASL PAPERS?!? No set standard yet - variation in citing (See Gene Mirus’ presentation on YouTube) Preference for signing the citation Can include English on the screen as well, but don’t JUST insert your English citations later. The point of citing is to credit others for their work, but also to show that you can connect your ideas with theirs. You should know who you’re citing and in which parts of your paper well before you start filming. Best to include them in your outline.

BUT WHAT DOES IT LOOK LIKE IN ASL PAPERS?!? No “APA” for ASL papers yet, but we can use standards of APA formating: Last names, years. Don’t need to sign parentheses! Example: English: Roy (2000) first analyzed turn- taking in interpreted interaction. ASL: R-O-Y 2000 FIRST ANALYZE DISCUSS …

TIPS AND EXAMPLES FOR CITING IN ASL PAPERS Paraphrasing: English: Goffman (1981) defines three different roles for speakers: principal, author, and animator. The principal is the person who is responsible for the message, the author originates the content and form of an utterance, and the animator is the person who actually produces an utterance. (Marks, 2011)

TIPS AND EXAMPLES FOR CITING IN ASL PAPERS Summarizing: Schegloff, Jefferson, and Sacks (1977) – Repairs in conversation

DIRECT QUOTATIONS Typed English on a slide. Important to introduce the quotation, then pause. Be COHESIVE – same as including examples…TELL, SHOW, EXPLAIN. Insert the quote in a slide during the editing process in iMovie, etc.

DIRECT QUOTATIONS Footing is “the alignment we take up to ourselves and the others present as expressed in the way we manage the production or reception of an utterance.” (Goffman, 1981, p. 128)

CITING SEVERAL AUTHORS AT ONCE Example from Roy (2000): Recently, researchers in interpreting, many of whom were practitioners, have conducted studies that indicate the participation of interpreters in discourse processes (e.g., Metzger 1995; Roy 1989a; Wadensjö 1992, 1998). In an ASL Paper, this might look like: SEVERAL PEOPLE RESEARCH… Then, place the citation in English at the bottom of the screen (during editing). Since any English should follow APA, you should use parentheses.

REFERENCE LIST Typed reference list at the end of the movie should follow the same rules and formatting as a reference list in a written paper. (APA). Use large enough font to read, and expand it to a few slides if necessary.

RESOURCES APA Style Guide Purdue OWL Online Writing Lab: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/0 1/ Deaf Studies Digital Journal: http://dsdj.gallaudet.edu/ Dr. Gene Mirus – ASL in Academics Series http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J7PeRJ6naJc

REFERENCES IN THIS PRESENTATION Goffman, E. (1981). Forms of talk. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Roy, C. (2000). Interpreting as a discourse process. New York: Oxford Schegloff, E.A., Jefferson, G., and Sacks, H. (1977). The preference for self-correction in the organization of repair in conversation. Language. 53:361-82.