Adolescent Personality Development Big Five Factors Naomi M. Lucas LIU Post Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI)

Adolescence Adolescence is the development stage that lies between childhood and adulthood. Adolescence is a time when the self-system is redefined (Erikson,1950). The core of this self-system consists of personality traits. It is a time of considerable physical and psychological growth and change (Feldman, 2017). Of all the age ranges of the lifespan, young adulthood has been found to be one of the most prolific at personality development (Robinson, Noftle, Guo, Asadi, & Zhang, 2015)

Agreeableness is how easygoing and helpful a person tends to be. Extraversion is the degree to which a person seeks to be with others, to behave in an outgoing manner and generally to be sociable. Agreeableness is how easygoing and helpful a person tends to be. Conscientiousness is a person’s tendencies to be organized and responsible. Neuroticism is the degree of emotional stability an individual characteristically displays. Openness is a person’s level of curiosity and interest in new experiences. Big Five Factors: The five-factor model of personality (FFM) is a set of five broad trait dimensions or domains, often referred to as the “Big Five” OCEAN Adolescence usually involves changes toward an adult-like personality profile, with the expectation that Neuroticism will decrease and Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, and Openness will increase (Klimstra, 2013). Feldman, 2017 pages 519-520

Identity Formation Erickson’s theory of identity formation inevitably leads some adolescents into substantial psychological turmoil as they encounter the adolescent identity crisis (Erickson, 1963). Erickson’s theory summarizes the adolescent stage as the time of identity versus identity confusion. The positive outcome would be awareness of self and knowledge of roles. The negative outcome would be inability to identify appropriate roles in life (Feldman, 2017). Identity is a very important aspect of development as it plays a vital role in who we become and what we eventually do with our lives. Read more at: http://www.pattydearie.com/2016/07/promoting-achievement-of-healthy.html Copyright © PattyDearie's Blog

Gender Differences Across adolescence, girls were found to change more often than boys. The expected increase in Openness was found for girls’ self-reported Openness only. Girls also increased in self- and other-reported Conscientiousness and other-reported Agreeableness and Extraversion (Branje et. al, 2006). Boys had lower scores for Neuroticism (lower Emotional Stability), Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Extraversion But no clear support for evidence of gender differences in Openness (Marsh et. al, 2012). Gender was found as an important moderator of personality change for adolescents. Overall, girls were ahead of boys in these developmental processes (Klimstra, 2013). Extraversion (Sociable), Agreeableness (Easygoing/Helpful), Conscientiousness (Responsibility), Neuroticism (Emotional Stability) & Openness (Curiosity/Intellect)

Parental Influence Some studies suggest there is an evocative relationship between adolescent personality traits and the quality of the parent–adolescent relationship In one study examined how the genetic effects on adolescent personality traits overlap with the genetic effects on parenting behavior was examined (South, Krueger, Johnson, & Iacono, 2008). The findings support the importance of adolescent personality in the development of the quality of the parent– adolescent relationship. evocative. : evoking or tending to evoke an especially emotional response

Transitioning School-to-Work The school-to-work transition constitutes a central developmental task for adolescents. Big Five personality traits and social capital relate to job-search outcomes Higher levels of extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to experience, emotional stability, and social capital would be associated with better outcomes Extraversion (Sociable), Agreeableness (Easygoing), Conscientiousness (Responsibility), Neuroticism (Emotional Stability) & Openness (Curiosity/Intellect)

Adolescence is the time for the development of personality and social growth. During this period of discovery, self-esteem and identity develop. The adolescent’s peers and parents make a distinct influence on shaping the sense of self Research on normal personality has provided a large body of evidence indicating that the same five dimensions that describe normal personality in adulthood apply to personality in childhood and adolescence (Van Den Akker, Prinzie, & Overbeek, 2016). Extraversion (Sociable), Agreeableness (Easygoing), Conscientiousness (Responsibility), Neuroticism (Emotional Stability) & Openness (Curiosity/Intellect)

References & Research Branje, S. T., Van Lieshout, C. M., & Gerris, J. M. (2006).Big five personality development in adolescence and adulthood. European Journal of Personality, 45-62. Feldman, R. S. (2017). Development across the life span. Boston: Pearson. Gosling, S.D., Rentfrow P.J., & Swann, W.B. (2003) A very brief measure of the big five personality domains. Journal of Research in Personality, 504-508 Kahoot! is a free game-based learning platform. Retrieved from https://getkahoot.com/ Klimstra, T. (2013). Adolescent personality development and identity formation. Child Development Perspectives, 80–84. South, S. C., Krueger, R. F., Johnson, W.,& Iacono, W. G.(2008). Adolescent personality moderates genetic and environmental influences on relationships with parents. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 899-912. Van Den Akker, A. L., Prinzie, P., & Overbeek, G. (2016).Dimensons of personality pathology in adolescence: Longitudinal associations with big five personality dimensions across childhood and adolescence. Journal of Personality Disorders, 211- 231. The Mini-IPIP is a popular 20-item measure of BIG5 personality, used in academic research from the University of Cambridge, The Psychometrics Centre. Answering questions is only one way to discover your personality.