Open Education Resource: Vitamins- chemistry, sources and diseases Work done as part of AICTE approved FDP201x Pedagogy for Online and Blended Teaching-Learning Process Lesson 4: Vitamin C – chemistry, sources and diseases RC1128_Team 85 Dr. Zeenat N. Kashmiri, Department of Zoology Dr. Sujata A. Mankar Department of Microbiology OER on “Vitamins– chemistry, sources and diseases” by Department of Zoology and Microbiology, Dada Ramchand Bakhru Sindhu Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur (MS), India, is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International License. You are free to use, distribute and modify it, including for commercial purposes, provided you acknowledge the source and share-alike. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

Vitamin C Learning Objectives Target Audience Tags of OER Able to classify different types of vitamins Explain deficiency diseases cause by vitamins Understand role of vitamins Identify foods that contain vitamins we needs daily   Target Audience Undergraduate student those who opt Biological Sciences as one of the subject Tags of OER Vitamins, water soluble vitamin, sources, RDA, deficiency, diseases Tools used in OER Creation Microsoft Power Point used to create presentation (ppt) to be uploaded on MOODLE site which is created as OER

Vitamin C Contents Introduction Chemistry of Vitamin C Sources of Vitamin C Recommendation (RDA) Biochemical function Diseases/Deficiency of Vitamin C Practice questions References

Vitamin C Introduction Vitamin C or Ascorbic acid is a water-soluble versatile vitamin Antiscorbutic factor is the original name for vitamin C Easily destroyed by heat and oxygen Serves as a cofactor to facilitate the action of an enzyme Serves as an antioxidant Solubility and storage Absorbed directly into the blood Circulate freely Excreted in urine Needed frequently This vitamin plays an important role in human health and disease

Fig. Structures of Vitamin C and its related compounds Chemistry of Vitamin C Chemical structure of vitamin C resembles that of a monosaccharide Acidic property of vitamin C due to enolic hydroxyl groups It is strong reducing agent L-ascorbic acid undergoes oxidation to form dehydroascorbic acid and this reaction is reversible Both forms are biologically active Oxidation of ascorbic acid is rapid in the presence of copper Therefore, vitamin C becomes inactive if food is cooked in copper vessels. Fig. Structures of Vitamin C and its related compounds

Vitamin C Sources of Vitamin C Citrus fruits - oranges, lemons, limes, grapefruit, tomatoes Other fruits- gooseberry, strawberries, melon, papayas and mangoes Vegetables- dark green vegetables like bell peppers and broccoli, potatoes, cucumber

Vitamin C

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) Vitamin C Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) RDA Children - 30 mg/day RDA Men - 90 mg/day RDA Women - 75 mg/day RDA Pregnant and lactating women -100 to 150 mg/day Smokers - +35 mg/day This vitamin is not stored in the body and needs replenishment almost daily

Vitamin C Biochemical functions Collagen synthesis - Strengthens blood vessel walls, forms scar tissue, provides matrix for bone growth Tyrosine metabolism – synthesis, helps prevent goiter Bone formation Tryptophan metabolism Cholesterol metabolism Folic acid metabolism Synthesis of corticosteroid hormones in adrenal gland Immunological functions - synthesis of immunoglobulins and increases phagocytic action of leucocytes Cellular respiration

Vitamin C Other functions act as antioxidant protects body from free radicals provides resistance against common cold helps in the healing of wounds helps to keep gums healthy enhances absorption of iron from vegetables, cereals and fruits helps in the prevention of heart disease helps prevent some forms of cancer helps your body to fight infections Ascorbic acid has become the most controversial vitamin in recent years. This is because of the claims and counter claims of the use of vitamin C in mega doses to cure everything from common cold to cancer.

Vitamin C Vitamin C Deficiency Deficiency disease is called ‘Scurvy’ Symptoms spongy and sore gums, loose teeth, anemia, swollen joints, fragile blood vessels decreased immuno competence delayed wound healing sluggish hormonal function of adrenal cortex and gonad hemorrhage and osteoporosis

Vitamin C Deficiency Symptoms of Vitamin C Anemia Weight loss and fatigue Atherosclerotic plaques and pinpoint hemorrhages Bone fragility and joint pain Slow wound healing and frequent infections Bleeding gums and loosened teeth Muscle degeneration and pain, hysteria, and depression Rough skin and blotchy bruises

Take a pause and answer the following question Vitamin C Take a pause and answer the following question Practice Questions 1. Write down different sources of vitamin C . 2. What are different biochemical functions of vitamin C ? 3. What is RDA of vitamin C ? 4. Describe the diseases causes by deficiency of vitamin C. 5. Identify sources of food that contain vitamin C. Contact us – kashmiri_zeenat@yahoo.com and sujataabhi09@gmail.com

Vitamin C References Biochemistry – Satyanarayana Animal Physiology – M. P. Arora Thomson learning www.google.com

Vitamin C Thank you