MEDIA COVERAGE OF THE BRUSSELS PROCESS SEPTEMBER – DECEMBER 2015 MEDIA MONITORING MEDIA COVERAGE OF THE BRUSSELS PROCESS SEPTEMBER – DECEMBER 2015

MONITORING PERIOD AND SAMPLE Period: September 1– December 31, 2015 Subject of monitoring – central news broadcasts Monitored media: RTS1, B92, RTV Pink, TV Prva, RTK 2, TV Puls, TV Most, TV MIR, Radio Kontakt +, Kosma, KoSSev news portal

Monitoring OBJECTIVE Establishing the manner of monitoring the topic of the Brussels Agreement in the media Presence of the topic in news broadcasts–number and duration of reports Disposition of the reporting (genre structure, announcements of reports, attitude towards the topic) Topics – general framework of the reporting and subtopics – specific parts and agreements Depiction of the actors – representation and tone of depiction Serbian and Kosovar government representatives when discussing the Brussels Agreement Representatives of institutions regulating/controlling the election process Political parties Experts Civil society representatives Public figures Bureau for Social Research www.birodi.rs

Air time TV Total air time Actors’ air time RTS 3:01:36 0:47:48 Prva 0:54:58 0:15:54 Pink 2:36:00 0:52:37 B92 2:57:32 0:49:37

AIR time dedicated to the BRUSSELS AGREEMENT Report duration Actors’ total air time RTV Puls 4:45:13 2:44:39 Most 4:37:08 2:14:19 Kontakt Plus 5:16:19 3:03:37 Kosma 2:30:30 1:22:49 RTV KiM 2:24:54 1:17:04 RTK2 5:01:49 1:45:54

NUMBER OF REPORTS TV Number RTS 72 Prva 30 Pink 71 B92 68

NUMBER OF REPORTS pER mediA Outlet RTV Plus 224 Most 176 Kontakt Plus 214 Kosma 118 RTV KiM 152 RTK2 161

REPORTING STATISTICS Average report duration Maximum report duration Minimum report duration RTS 0:02:31 0:08:15 0:00:17 Prva 0:01:49 0:04:38 PINK 0:02:11 0:11:29 0:00:15 B92 0:02:36 0:12:47

REPORTING STATISTICS Average report duration Maximum report duration Minimum report duration Puls 0:01:16 0:06:35 0:00:13 Most 0:01:34 0:07:00 0:00:12 Kontakt plus 0:01:28 0:12:02 Kosma 0:04:07 0:00:11 KIM 0:00:57 0:03:39 0:00:15 RTK 2 0:01:52 0:05:57 0:00:19

Announcement Is there an announcement? RTS PRVA Pink B92 Yes 48,6 56,7 46,5 51,5 No 51,4 43,3 53,5 48,5

Announcement Is there an announcement? PULS Most Kontakt plus Kosma KIM RTK2 Yes 33,5 58,5 38,8 50,8 51,3 54,0 No 66,5 41,5 61,2 49,2 48,7 46,0

PLACEMENT OF THE “BrUSsels AGREEMENTS” TOPIC in the report   RTS PRVA Pink B92 Predominant 27,8 40,0 31,0 30,9 Medium 9,7 6,7 16,9 11,8 Mentioned 62,5 53,3 52,1 57,4

PLACEMENT OF THE “BrUSsels AGREEMENTS” TOPIC   PULS Most Kontakt plus Kosma KIM RTK2 Predominant 59,4 50,6 57,0 52,5 57,2 31,7 Medium 14,7 20,5 18,2 14,4 15,1 19,9 Mentioned 25,9 29,0 24,8 33,1 27,6 48,4

GENRE struCturE RTS PRVA Pink B92 News 9,7 23,3 22,5 16,2 Report 0,0   RTS PRVA Pink B92 News 9,7 23,3 22,5 16,2 Report 0,0 3,3 2,8 1,5 Report with statements 65,3 66,7 69,0 61,8 Reportage 16,7 6,7 14,7 Interview 8,3 5,9

MEDIA Attitude towards the Brussels negotiations   RTS PRVA Pink B92 Affirmative 39,3 44,4 46,6 42,7 Critical 21,3 13,9 22,7 16,9 Informative 41,7 30,7 40,4

MEDIA Attitude towards the Brussels negotiations   PULS Most Kontakt plus Kosma KIM RTK2 Affirmative 49,4 57,3 37,7 39,7 37,1 34,0 Critical 21,0 9,5 24,5 19,1 22,4 24,7 Informative 29,6 33,2 41,1 40,6 41,2

contexts RTS PRVA PINK B92 Context of Serbia’s Euro-integrations 36,1   RTS PRVA PINK B92 Context of Serbia’s Euro-integrations 36,1 30,0 23,9 35,3 Context of internal political and economic issues across Kosovo 29,2 16,7 28,2 29,4 Implementation of the agreed-upon issues 22,2 26,7 31,0 27,9 Context of status and status-related issues (formation of army) 6,7 25,4 16,2 Negotiation process itself 19,4 13,3 19,7 23,5 Context of international organizations (UNESCO/NATO/OSCE) 9,7 20,0 12,7 11,8 Context of internal political and economic issues of Serbia 5,6 3,3 2,8 4,4 Context of regional political cooperation, regional stability 0,0 4,2 1,5 Context of Kosovo’s Euro-integrations 5,9 Context of regional economic development 1,4 Context of political and economic issues in Northern Kosovo Context of political and economic issues in other Serb-inhabited areas in Kosovo Context of reconciliation between Serbs and Albanians Context of relations between Serbia and Albania Context of Republic of Serbia’s property in Kosovo

contexts PULS Most Kontakt plus Kosma KIM RTK2 Implementation of the agreed-upon issues 36,6 43,2 34,6 42,4 38,8 35,4 Context of Serbia’s Euro-integrations 9,8 19,9 3,7 5,9 11,2 6,2 Context of internal political and economic issues across Kosovo 19,3 47,7 46,1 55,3 Negotiation process itself 15,6 15,9 19,2 10,2 15,1 5,6 Context of international organizations (UNESCO/NATO/OSCE) 11,6 15,3 7,0 12,7 9,2 8,7 Context of status and status-related issues (formation of army) 5,4 11,4 1,4 1,7 2,6 Context of political and economic issues in Northern Kosovo 9,7 3,3 5,1 2,0 4,3 Context of internal political and economic issues of Serbia 3,1 2,3 ,9 0,0 1,3 Context of political and economic issues in other Serb-inhabited areas in Kosovo 2,5 ,6 Context of regional political cooperation, regional stability 1,9 Context of reconciliation between Serbs and Albanians 1,8 0,8 0,6 Context of Republic of Serbia’s property in Kosovo 0,9 Context of Kosovo’s Euro-integrations 4,0 6,6 Context of regional economic development 0,7 Context of relations between Serbia and Albania

THematIC Framework General narrative of the Brussels Agreement 38,6   RTS PRVA Pink B92 General narrative of the Brussels Agreement 38,6 41,2 46,2 36,4 General narrative of the Brussels Agreement’s implementation 26,1 20,6 16,7 26,0 Concrete examples of the Brussels Agreement’s implementation 38,2 30,8 29,9 Report from Brussels meeting 1,1 0,0 1,3 Report from other meetings concerning the negotiation process Announcement of Brussels meeting 8,0 5,1 7,8

THematIC Framework PULS Most Kontakt plus Kosma KIM RTK2   PULS Most Kontakt plus Kosma KIM RTK2 General narrative of the Brussels Agreement 28,8 32,8 16,5 23,2 24,7 21,0 General narrative of the Brussels Agreement’s implementation 35,0 26,9 24,8 38,4 27,1 31,8 Concrete examples of the Brussels Agreement’s implementation 32,3 35,8 48,3 33,6 42,9 46,6 Report from Brussels meeting 1,2 ,5 1,3 1,6 0,0 Report from other meetings concerning the negotiation process Announcement of Brussels meeting 2,7 4,0 9,1 3,2 5,3 ,6

ConCrete TOPICS RTS Prva Pink B92   RTS Prva Pink B92 Association of Serb Municipalities (structure, adoption of documents) 28 11 21 19 Chapter 35/Status 9 8 6 Energy agreement (EPS, KOSTT) Gazivode, Vodoprivreda 3 1 5 Cultural heritage, demands for inclusion in the Brussels negotiations 2 7 Freedom of movement/Ibar bridge 4 Status-related issues Telecommunications (international dialing code) Insurance Agreements between chambers of commerce Abolishment of Republic of Serbia’s institutions in Kosovo Private property of Serbs, property of the Serbian Orthodox Church, missing persons, air transport, rail transport, academic degrees

ConCrete TOPICS RTV Plus Most Kontakt Plus Kosmo RTV KiM RTK2   RTV Plus Most Kontakt Plus Kosmo RTV KiM RTK2 Association of Serb Municipalities (structure, adoption of documents) 121 70 108 63 71 88 Cultural heritage, demands for inclusion in the Brussels negotiations 11 15 7 5 6 Freedom of movement/Ibar bridge 10 12 16 4 Chapter 35/Status 9 3 2 Energy agreement (EPS, KOSTT) Gazivode, Vodoprivreda 1 Cadastre Abolishment of Serbian institutions in Kosovo Privatization of major systems owned by the Republic of Serbia – property of the Republic of Serbia Judiciary (operation of courts, prosecution and other judicial outlets in Northern Kosovo) 8 Police University degrees (studying, validation) Insurance Civil protection Status-related issues Private property of Serbs, property of the Serbian Orthodox Church, missing persons, air transport, rail transport, academic degrees Telecommunications (international dialing code) Registries Agreements between chambers of commerce Pension fund Customs stamp (customs and borders) Integrated border management Work of local self-governments (establishment of administrative units according to Kosovo laws) Unpublished matters concerning the Brussels Agreement Technical dialogue

referencing/Argumentation   RTS PRVA PINK B92 Reference to the Brussels Agreement 33 15 37 No explicit reference 27 6 21 25 Reference to EU decisions 12 4 7 10 Reference to Kosovo legislation 9 Reference to decisions by the Government and central organs of Kosovo 5 Reference to decisions by the Government and central organs of Serbia 1 Reference to EU politicians’ statements

What are the OBSTACLES to the realization of Brussels negotiations   RTS PRVA PINK B92 Priština 5 3 9 11 EU, Brussels 4 Statute of the Association of Serb Municipalities 2 Review of the Association of Serb Municipalities’ constitutionality 1 Kosovo opposition Failure to implement the agreed-upon issues Chapter 35 Status of Kosovo in the negotiations Kosovo’s application for UNESCO membership Government of Serbia

obstacles Puls Most Kontak plus Kosma KIM RTK 2 39 14 15 18 3 9 5 4 7   Puls Most Kontak plus Kosma KIM RTK 2 Priština 25 39 14 15 18 Statute of the Association of Serb Municipalities 21 3 9 5 Kosovo opposition Government of Kosovo 4 7 Failure to implement the agreed-upon issues 2 EU, Brussels Review of the Association of Serb Municipalities’ constitutionality 10 Kosovo’s application for UNESCO membership Serbia 6

Actors on the Brussels AGREEMENT   RTS PRVA PINK B92 Government of Serbia, President, Serbia’s state organs and bodies 0:14:53 0:03:41 0:24:00 0:12:58 Constructive opposition to the BA Serbia 0:00:04 0:00:07 0:00:09 0:00:15 Unconstructive opposition to the BA Serbia 0:00:49 0:00:10 Civil society, analysts Serbia 0:02:30 0:00:57 0:01:42 0:03:34 Church 0:00:21 0:00:43 Government of Kosovo, President, Kosovo’s state organs and bodies 0:11:25 0:03:29 0:09:42 0:09:58 Constructive opposition to the BA Kosovo X Unconstructive opposition to the BA Kosovo 0:02:28 0:01:57 0:00:52 Civil society, analysts Kosovo 0:00:31 0:01:07 EU 0:05:22 0:00:59 0:05:53 0:06:39 USA in Serbia 0:00:14 0:00:50 0:01:28 Russia 0:00:01 Serbs in Kosovar institutions from local level to the parliament 0:01:43 0:00:19 Serbs in institutions scheduled for abolishment Journalists 0:03:59 0:04:30 0:04:15 0:08:09 International community 0:00:17 0:00:30 0:00:51 Citizens 0:02:09 0:00:20 0:00:03 Total 0:46:40  0:15:53  0:52:37  0:49:37

positive PRESENTATION INDEX (o – low; 1 – high) RTS PRVA PINK B92 Government of Serbia, President, Serbia’s state organs and bodies 63 0,77 0,78 0,75 Constructive opposition to the BA Serbia 1 0,33 Unconstructive opposition to the BA Serbia Civil society, analysts Serbia 0,13 0,04 0,065 Church 0,1 Government of Kosovo, President, Kosovo’s state organs and bodies 0,17 0,062 0,12 Constructive opposition to the BA Kosovo Unconstructive opposition to the BA Kosovo 0,26 0,87 0,29 0,64 Civil society, analysts Kosovo 0! 0,36 EU 0,19 0,22 0,34 USA in Serbia 0,21 0,62 0,034 Serbs in Kosovar institutions from local level to the parliament 0,47 0,63 Institutions scheduled for abolishment Journalists 0,14 0,02 International community 0,35 0,89 0,65 Citizens

Positive presentation Index SErBian and albanian Side   RTS PRVA PINK B92 Government of Serbia, President, Serbia’s state organs and bodies 0:14:53 0:03:41 0:24:00 0:12:58 Constructive opposition to the BA in Serbia 0:00:04 0:00:07 0:00:09 0:00:15 Unconstructive opposition to the BA in Serbia 0:00:49 0:00:10 Government of Kosovo, President, Kosovo’s state organs and bodies 0:11:25 0:03:29 0:09:42 0:09:58 Constructive opposition to the BA in Kosovo Unconstructive opposition to the BA in Kosovo 0:02:28 0:01:57 0:00:52 Serbs in Kosovar institutions from local level to the parliament 0:01:43 0:00:19 Serbs in institutions scheduled for abolishment 0,63 0,78 0,77 0,75 1 0,33 0,17 0,06 0,12 0,26 0,87 0,3 0,635 0,47 Institutions scheduled for abolishment

NEGATIVe presentation index (o – low; 1 – high) RTS PRVA PINK B92 Government of Serbia, President, Serbia’s state organs and bodies 0,04 0,009 0,004 Constructive opposition to the BA in Serbia 1 Unconstructive opposition to the BA in Serbia Civil society, analysts Serbia Church Government of Kosovo, President, Kosovo’s state organs and bodies 0,37 0,33 0,6 0,31 Constructive opposition to the BA in Kosovo Unconstructive opposition to the BA in Kosovo 0,05 0,058 Civil society, analysts Kosovo EU 0,21 0,08 0,077 0,14 USA in Serbia 0,15 Serbs in Kosovar institutions from local level to the parliament Institutions scheduled for abolishment Journalists 0,046 International community 0,43 0,074 Citizens 0,13

Negative presentation Index Serbian and albanian side Government of Serbia, President, Serbia’s state organs and bodies 0:14:53 0:03:41 0:24:00 0:12:58 Constructive opposition to the BA in Serbia 0:00:04 0:00:07 0:00:09 0:00:15 Unconstructive opposition to the BA in Serbia 0:00:49   0:00:10 Government of Kosovo, President, Kosovo’s state organs and bodies 0:11:25 0:03:29 0:09:42 0:09:58 Constructive opposition to the BA in Kosovo X Unconstructive opposition to the BA in Kosovo 0:02:28 0:01:57 0:00:52 Serbs in Kosovar institutions from local level to the parliament 0:01:43 0:00:19 Serbs in institutions scheduled for abolishment RTS PRVA PINK B92 0,04 0,009 0,004 1 0,37 0,33 0,6 0,31 0,05 0,058

Percentage of negative presentation of government and opposition in kosovo

All actors & government of Serbia, president…

Rhetorical strategy RTS PRVA PINK B92 Mobilizing/activist 34,7 33,3   RTS PRVA PINK B92 Mobilizing/activist 34,7 33,3 26,8 35,3 Explanatory/analytic 29,2 30,0 16,9 26,5 Argumentative/polemic 30,6 16,7 28,2 23,5 Descriptive 20,8 10,0 22,1 Informative 43,1 63,3 57,7 50,0 Propagandist 6,9 3,3 12,7 7,4

Rhetorical strategy PULS Most Kontakt plus Kosma KIM RTK2   PULS Most Kontakt plus Kosma KIM RTK2 Mobilizing/activist 38,3 32,4 35,0 30,5 27,6 38,5 Explanatory/analytic 25,2 31,3 22,4 27,1 24,3 30,4 Argumentative/polemic 26,6 27,3 30,8 39,8 26,3 28,6 Descriptive 22,5 26,7 15,0 16,1 21,1 13,0 Informative 36,5 43,2 43,9 39,0 37,5 41,0 Propagandist 11,3 6,3 11,7 11,9 5,3 6,2

RHETORICAL MEANS PULS Most Kontakt plus Kosma KIM RTK2   PULS Most Kontakt plus Kosma KIM RTK2 Presentation of facts, specific and general, consistent exposition 37,5 41,7 41,2 33,9 48,9 40,1 Routine narration 18,8 21,9 20,6 31,0 22,6 30,0 Allegory, vivid speech 10,5 14,7 7,4 6,0 10,0 10,1 Hyperboles 9,9 5,0 8,0 6,5 3,2 5,7 Disparagement, belittlement 5,4 2,9 9,0 4,2 Generalization 3,7 2,2 4,5 1,1 Contrast 3,4 2,5 1,3 2,4 ,4 Comparison 3,1 3,5 Positive stereotypes 2,0 ,7 ,3 0,0 Irony, sarcasm 1,7 1,0 Glorification 1,4 ,6 Hate speech ,9 ,5 Personification Analogy Symbols Negative stereotypes

RHETORICAL MEANS RTS Prva Pink B92   RTS Prva Pink B92 Presentation of facts, specific and general, consistent exposition 37,6 48,8 39,0 45,5 Routine narration 16,2 23,3 15,3 17,3 Allegory, vivid speech 13,7 7,0 16,1 10,0 Hyperboles 9,4 4,7 7,6 8,2 Disparagement, belittlement 6,8 0,0 4,2 5,5 Comparison 4,3 3,4 2,7 Generalization 2,5 1,8 Contrast 2,3 Analogy 1,7 Hate speech ,9 Positive stereotypes ,8 Irony, sarcasm Personification Glorification