4.1b Multivalent Metals

Learning Goals Learn how to name and identify the chemical formula of compounds containing multivalent metals

Multivalent Metals Multivalent metals are metals with more than one ion charge. These elements can form different ions depending on the chemical reaction they undergo.

Example

Naming Multivalent Metals To distinguish between the ions, a Roman numeral is written after the name of the metal. For example, Cu+ is written as copper(I) and called “copper one”; whereas, Cu2+ is written as copper(II) and called “copper two” Number Roman Numeral 1 I 2 II 3 III 4 IV 5 V 6 VI 7 VII

Writing Chemical Formulas and Naming Ionic Compounds with a Multivalent Metal The same steps that were used for binary ionic compounds apply. When naming a compound that contains a multivalent ion, you must include a Roman numeral to show which charge the ion has. To determine the charge you must work back from the charge of the anion.

Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula. Steps Examples Cu3N SnS2 FeCl3 Identify the metal. Copper (Cu) Tin (Sn) Verify that the metal can form more than one kind of ion by checking the periodic table. Cu+ and Cu2+ Sn2+ and Sn4+ Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula. 3 copper:1 nitride 1 tin:2 sulfide Note the charge of the anion. 3- 2- The positive and negative charges must balance out so that the net charge is zero. Total negative charge: 3- Total positive charge: 3+ Total negative charge: 4- Total positive charge: 4+ Determine what charge the metal ion must have to balance the anion. 3(Cu?) = 3+ Therefore, the charge on the copper must be 1+. 1(Sn?) = 4+ Therefore, the charge on the tin must be 4+. Write the name of the metal ion. The name of the metal ion is copper (I). The name of the metal ion is tin(IV). Write the name of the compound. Copper(I) nitride Tin(IV) sulfide

Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula. Steps Examples Cu3N SnS2 FeCl3 Identify the metal. Copper (Cu) Tin (Sn) Iron (Fe) Verify that the metal can form more than one kind of ion by checking the periodic table. Cu+ and Cu2+ Sn2+ and Sn4+ Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula. 3 copper:1 nitride 1 tin:2 sulfide Note the charge of the anion. 3- 2- The positive and negative charges must balance out so that the net charge is zero. Total negative charge: 3- Total positive charge: 3+ Total negative charge: 4- Total positive charge: 4+ Determine what charge the metal ion must have to balance the anion. 3(Cu?) = 3+ Therefore, the charge on the copper must be 1+. 1(Sn?) = 4+ Therefore, the charge on the tin must be 4+. Write the name of the metal ion. The name of the metal ion is copper (I). The name of the metal ion is tin(IV). Write the name of the compound. Copper(I) nitride Tin(IV) sulfide

Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula. Steps Examples Cu3N SnS2 FeCl3 Identify the metal. Copper (Cu) Tin (Sn) Iron (Fe) Verify that the metal can form more than one kind of ion by checking the periodic table. Cu+ and Cu2+ Sn2+ and Sn4+ Fe2+ and Fe3+ Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula. 3 copper:1 nitride 1 tin:2 sulfide Note the charge of the anion. 3- 2- The positive and negative charges must balance out so that the net charge is zero. Total negative charge: 3- Total positive charge: 3+ Total negative charge: 4- Total positive charge: 4+ Determine what charge the metal ion must have to balance the anion. 3(Cu?) = 3+ Therefore, the charge on the copper must be 1+. 1(Sn?) = 4+ Therefore, the charge on the tin must be 4+. Write the name of the metal ion. The name of the metal ion is copper (I). The name of the metal ion is tin(IV). Write the name of the compound. Copper(I) nitride Tin(IV) sulfide

Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula. Steps Examples Cu3N SnS2 FeCl3 Identify the metal. Copper (Cu) Tin (Sn) Iron (Fe) Verify that the metal can form more than one kind of ion by checking the periodic table. Cu+ and Cu2+ Sn2+ and Sn4+ Fe2+ and Fe3+ Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula. 3 copper:1 nitride 1 tin:2 sulfide 1 iron:3 chloride Note the charge of the anion. 3- 2- The positive and negative charges must balance out so that the net charge is zero. Total negative charge: 3- Total positive charge: 3+ Total negative charge: 4- Total positive charge: 4+ Determine what charge the metal ion must have to balance the anion. 3(Cu?) = 3+ Therefore, the charge on the copper must be 1+. 1(Sn?) = 4+ Therefore, the charge on the tin must be 4+. Write the name of the metal ion. The name of the metal ion is copper (I). The name of the metal ion is tin(IV). Write the name of the compound. Copper(I) nitride Tin(IV) sulfide

Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula. Steps Examples Cu3N SnS2 FeCl3 Identify the metal. Copper (Cu) Tin (Sn) Iron (Fe) Verify that the metal can form more than one kind of ion by checking the periodic table. Cu+ and Cu2+ Sn2+ and Sn4+ Fe2+ and Fe3+ Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula. 3 copper:1 nitride 1 tin:2 sulfide 1 iron:3 chloride Note the charge of the anion. 3- 2- 1- The positive and negative charges must balance out so that the net charge is zero. Total negative charge: 3- Total positive charge: 3+ Total negative charge: 4- Total positive charge: 4+ Determine what charge the metal ion must have to balance the anion. 3(Cu?) = 3+ Therefore, the charge on the copper must be 1+. 1(Sn?) = 4+ Therefore, the charge on the tin must be 4+. Write the name of the metal ion. The name of the metal ion is copper (I). The name of the metal ion is tin(IV). Write the name of the compound. Copper(I) nitride Tin(IV) sulfide

Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula. Steps Examples Cu3N SnS2 FeCl3 Identify the metal. Copper (Cu) Tin (Sn) Iron (Fe) Verify that the metal can form more than one kind of ion by checking the periodic table. Cu+ and Cu2+ Sn2+ and Sn4+ Fe2+ and Fe3+ Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula. 3 copper:1 nitride 1 tin:2 sulfide 1 iron:3 chloride Note the charge of the anion. 3- 2- 1- The positive and negative charges must balance out so that the net charge is zero. Total negative charge: 3- Total positive charge: 3+ Total negative charge: 4- Total positive charge: 4+ Determine what charge the metal ion must have to balance the anion. 3(Cu?) = 3+ Therefore, the charge on the copper must be 1+. 1(Sn?) = 4+ Therefore, the charge on the tin must be 4+. Write the name of the metal ion. The name of the metal ion is copper (I). The name of the metal ion is tin(IV). Write the name of the compound. Copper(I) nitride Tin(IV) sulfide

Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula. Steps Examples Cu3N SnS2 FeCl3 Identify the metal. Copper (Cu) Tin (Sn) Iron (Fe) Verify that the metal can form more than one kind of ion by checking the periodic table. Cu+ and Cu2+ Sn2+ and Sn4+ Fe2+ and Fe3+ Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula. 3 copper:1 nitride 1 tin:2 sulfide 1 iron:3 chloride Note the charge of the anion. 3- 2- 1- The positive and negative charges must balance out so that the net charge is zero. Total negative charge: 3- Total positive charge: 3+ Total negative charge: 4- Total positive charge: 4+ Determine what charge the metal ion must have to balance the anion. 3(Cu?) = 3+ Therefore, the charge on the copper must be 1+. 1(Sn?) = 4+ Therefore, the charge on the tin must be 4+. 1(Fe?) = 3+ Therefore, the charge on the iron must be 3+. Write the name of the metal ion. The name of the metal ion is copper (I). The name of the metal ion is tin(IV). Write the name of the compound. Copper(I) nitride Tin(IV) sulfide

Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula. Steps Examples Cu3N SnS2 FeCl3 Identify the metal. Copper (Cu) Tin (Sn) Iron (Fe) Verify that the metal can form more than one kind of ion by checking the periodic table. Cu+ and Cu2+ Sn2+ and Sn4+ Fe2+ and Fe3+ Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula. 3 copper:1 nitride 1 tin:2 sulfide 1 iron:3 chloride Note the charge of the anion. 3- 2- 1- The positive and negative charges must balance out so that the net charge is zero. Total negative charge: 3- Total positive charge: 3+ Total negative charge: 4- Total positive charge: 4+ Determine what charge the metal ion must have to balance the anion. 3(Cu?) = 3+ Therefore, the charge on the copper must be 1+. 1(Sn?) = 4+ Therefore, the charge on the tin must be 4+. 1(Fe?) = 3+ Therefore, the charge on the iron must be 3+. Write the name of the metal ion. The name of the metal ion is copper (I). The name of the metal ion is tin(IV). The name of the metal ion is iron(III). Write the name of the compound. Copper(I) nitride Tin(IV) sulfide

Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula. Steps Examples Cu3N SnS2 FeCl3 Identify the metal. Copper (Cu) Tin (Sn) Iron (Fe) Verify that the metal can form more than one kind of ion by checking the periodic table. Cu+ and Cu2+ Sn2+ and Sn4+ Fe2+ and Fe3+ Determine the ratio of the ions in the chemical formula. 3 copper:1 nitride 1 tin:2 sulfide 1 iron:3 chloride Note the charge of the anion. 3- 2- 1- The positive and negative charges must balance out so that the net charge is zero. Total negative charge: 3- Total positive charge: 3+ Total negative charge: 4- Total positive charge: 4+ Determine what charge the metal ion must have to balance the anion. 3(Cu?) = 3+ Therefore, the charge on the copper must be 1+. 1(Sn?) = 4+ Therefore, the charge on the tin must be 4+. 1(Fe?) = 3+ Therefore, the charge on the iron must be 3+. Write the name of the metal ion. The name of the metal ion is copper (I). The name of the metal ion is tin(IV). The name of the metal ion is iron(III). Write the name of the compound. Copper(I) nitride Tin(IV) sulfide Iron(III) chloride

Reverse Cross-Over Method Example: Cobalt(?) oxide Reverse crossover (subscripts become the charge of the opposite element) The cobalt ion has a charge of 3+ and the oxide ion has a charge of 2-. Name: Cobalt(III) oxide You must check that the charge of the anion is correct!

Reverse Cross-Over Method Example: Iron(?) oxide Reverse crossover (subscripts become the charge of the opposite element) The iron ion has a charge of 1+ and the oxide ion has a charge of 1-. However, the charge of the oxide ion is not correct, which means that the subscripts were reduced. The oxide should be O2-. Therefore, double the charge of each ion. Name: Iron(II) oxide

Manganese(IV) fluoride Examples Name Formula Manganese(IV) fluoride Nickel(III) fluoride Fe2S3 PbBr4

Manganese(IV) fluoride Examples Name Formula Manganese(IV) fluoride MnF4 Nickel(III) fluoride Fe2S3 PbBr4

Manganese(IV) fluoride Examples Name Formula Manganese(IV) fluoride MnF4 Nickel(III) fluoride NiF3 Fe2S3 PbBr4

Manganese(IV) fluoride Examples Name Formula Manganese(IV) fluoride MnF4 Nickel(III) fluoride NiF3 Iron(III) sulfide Fe2S3 PbBr4

Manganese(IV) fluoride Examples Name Formula Manganese(IV) fluoride MnF4 Nickel(III) fluoride NiF3 Iron(III) sulfide Fe2S3 Lead(IV) bromide PbBr4

Homework Textbook: Read pg 146 – 147 Multivalent Metal Compounds Worksheet