Web Standards Web Design – Sec 2-3 Part or all of this lesson was adapted from the University of Washington’s “Web Design & Development I” Course materials

About Standards Early days of the Web Now Everyone accessed the Web using a keyboard, mouse, and monitor Now Keyboard, mouse, and monitor still the most common Handheld computers/PDAs Cell phones, both visually (on a tiny screen) or audibly (using voice commands and synthesized speech output) People with disabilities also access the web and do so using a variety of technologies known as assistive technologies

About Standards There are a growing variety of browsers that people can choose from, including Microsoft Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Opera, Safari, Chrome and others There are a variety of operating systems, including Windows, Mac OS, and Linux There are a wide variety of screen resolutions, from 640 x 480 pixels to 1400 x 1050 pixels and beyond

About Standards With all this diversity in the way people access the web, there's a very high probability that your website will look different to many of your visitors than it does to you. Despite these differences, the most important part of your website is its content, and all users should be able to access that.

About Standards The only way to ensure that websites work across all devices and configurations is to develop in accordance with web standards Web standards are the core set of rules for developing websites It might be possible to develop sites that do not comply with standards, but doing so increases the likelihood that many people will be unable to access your site

How Web Pages have evolved http://archive.org/web/web.php Type of content HTML 1.2 HTML 4.01 HTML5 Purpose Heading Yes Organize page content by adding headings and subheadings to the top of each section of the page Paragraph Identify paragraphs of text Address Identify a block of text that contains contact information Anchor Link to other web content List Organize items into a list Image Embed a photograph or drawing into a web page Table No Organize data into rows and columns Style Add CSS to control how objects on a web page are presented Script Add Javascript to make pages respond to user behaviors (more interactive) Audio Add audio to a web page with a single tag Video Add video to a web page with a single tag Canvas Add an invisible drawing pad to a web page, on which you can add drawings (animations, games, and other interactive features) using Javascript

How web pages have evolved…  Wayback Machine

Standards The central organization who is responsible for creating and maintaining web standards is the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Standards that we'll be following in this course: HTML CSS XML XHTML

HTML Stands for HyperText Markup Language. HTML is the language that has historically been used to create documents on the web. It is plain text, but includes a variety of tags that define the structure of the document, and allow documents to include headings, paragraphs, images, links, lists, tables, and other features.

CSS Stands for Cascading Style Sheets. CSS is a language that is used in conjunction with HTML to control how web pages are displayed. The difference between HTML and CSS is that HTML defines the structure and content of the document, and CSS controls the presentation.

HTML5 The first version of HTML was written in 1993. Since then, there have been many different versions of HTML. The most recent version (HTML5) is still a draft but is widely supported by browsers and other web-enabled devices, and is the primary language taught in this course.

Standards Documents HTML 5 HTML 4.01 Specification CSS 2 Specification http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/ HTML 4.01 Specification http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/ CSS 2 Specification http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/

Rest of Today Work in your tables. As a team, discuss why you feel that web standards are important. Come to a consensus and write down your team's five top reasons. Present your list to the class I have a list of seven reasons why standards are important. Whichever team matches the greatest number of items on my list is the winner!