Deformation and Mountain Building

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Presentation transcript:

Deformation and Mountain Building (Brittle - ductile; stress and strain; faults and folds)

Brittle and ductile deformation

Stress (force/area) and strain Extension Stretching Types of stress Compression Shortening

Shear stress and strain

Dip and Strike

Dip-slip Fault

Dip slip faults Compression Shortening Extension Stretching

Reverse fault Dip-slip faults (Compression) Normal fault Thrust fault

Thrust fault

Horst and Graben

Strike-slip faults and the bicycle rule

Oblique-slip faults

Thrust faults, Detachment fault and Mountain Building

Transform Fault San Andreas Fault North America Plate Pacific Plate

Folding

Syncline

Syncline

Folding Anticline

Anticline, syncline and monocline

Plunging and non-plunging folds

Plunging Anticline

Plunging Anticline Plunging Syncline

Folds and map patterns

Folds and map patterns Sandstone 1 Sandstone 2 Sandstone 1 Sandstone 2 28 28 29 29 Sandstone 1 Sandstone 2

Dome and basin formation – intersecting folds

Domes and basins Dome Basin Dome

Isostasy and Mountain building

Folding, faulting and mountain building

Mountain Building

Subduction and Mountain building

Continent-continent collision and Mountain building

Rift Mountains

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