By: Nawaz Haider Bashir SESE_Science GHS Patti Bulanda Wind Energy By: Nawaz Haider Bashir SESE_Science GHS Patti Bulanda

Wind The natural movement of the air Especially in the form of a current of air blowing from a particular direction

Wind Energy Electrical energy obtained from the wind with turbines.

History of Wind Energy 5000 BC Sailboats used on the Nile indicate the power of wind 500-900 AD First windmills developed in Persia 1300 AD First horizontal-axis windmills in Europe 1850s Daniel Halladay and John Burnham build Halladay Windmill; start US Wind Engine Company Late 1880s Thomas O. Perry conducted 5,000 wind experiments; starts Aermotor Company 1985 wind capacity exceeded 1,000 MW 1993 US Wind Power developed first commercial variable-speed wind turbine 2004 Electricity from wind generation costs 3 to 4.5 cents per kWh 2011 Wind power provided over 12% of renewable energy used in US

Renewable Electric Capacity Worldwide

Wind Turbines Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power This mechanical power can be used for specific tasks (such as grinding grain or pumping water) Generator can convert this mechanical power into electricity to power homes etc

Wind Turbine Types Vertical axis Turbine Horizontal axis Turbine

Main components of Wind Turbine

Cont… Anemometer: Measures the wind speed and transmits wind speed data to the controller. Blades: Rotates when wind is blown over them, causing the rotor to spin. Most turbines have either two or three blades. Brake: Stops the rotor mechanically, electrically, or hydraulically, in emergencies.

Cont… Gear Box: Connects the low-speed shaft to the high- speed shaft and increases the rotational speeds from about 30-60 rotations per minute (rpm), to about 1,000-1,800 rpm; this is the rotational speed required by most generators to produce electricity. Generator: Produces AC electricity High-speed shaft: Drives the generator. Low-speed shaft: Turns the low-speed shaft at about 30-60 rpm.

Cont… Nacelle: Sits atop the tower and contains the gear box, low- and high-speed shafts, generator, controller, and brake. Pitch: Turns blades out of the wind to control the rotor speed. Rotor: Blades and hub together form the rotor. Tower: Made from tubular steel or concrete. Wind vane: Measures wind direction

Wind Farm

Electrification Through Micro Wind Turbines in Pakistan 600 houses have been electrified in Sindh and Balochistan through installation of small wind turbines systems. 4 Guard Check Posts at Lasbela have been electrified. 5 villages have been provided with battery charging facilities through a wind-powered battery-charging center.

ADVANTAGES OF WIND POWER The wind is free and with modern technology it can be captured efficiently. Does not cause green house gases or other pollutants. Although wind turbines can be very tall each takes up only a small plot of land. This means that the land below can still be used. This is especially the case in agricultural areas as farming can still continue.

ADVANTAGES OF WIND POWER Those areas that are not connected to the electricity power grid can use wind turbines to produce their own supply. Many people find wind farms an interesting feature of the landscape. Wind turbines are available in a range of sizes which means a vast range of people and businesses can use them. Single households to small towns and villages can make good use of range of wind turbines available today. http://windeis.anl.gov/guide/basics/

DISADVANTAGES OF WIND POWER The strength of the wind is not constant and it varies from zero to storm force. This means that wind turbines do not produce the same amount of electricity all the time. Wind turbines are noisy Wind turbine construction can be very expensive Wildlife impacts (5%) http://www.clean-energy-ideas.com/wind/wind-energy

Conclusion Wind energy is pollution free and nature friendly Wind energy has very good potential and it is the fastest growing energy source The future looks bright for wind energy because technology is becoming more advanced and windmills are becoming more efficient