ATP energy Biology

Vocabulary (Write these down!) ATP Pigments

ATP All cells need __________for life. ENERGY All cells need __________for life. Some things we use energy for are: Moving Thinking Sleeping Breathing Growing Reproducing

The principal chemical compound used by living things to store energy is: adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Labeled Sketch: Adenine Ribose 3 Phosphate groups

ATP: ATP is used for active transport, movement of cell organelles and other basic functions (mitosis, etc) Glucose: sugar molecule that stores 90 times more energy than ATP. Glucose is used to regenerate ATP.

Why do we use ATP? Why not just get energy from sugar directly? ATP is small units of energy. Sugar is a very high energy molecule (if you burn it all at once…spontaneous combustion!)

Comparison of burning a marshmallow at a campfire vs in your body. When sugar burned in fire: Both have in common (Similarities) When sugar burned in body Energy is released quickly as heat and light -Glucose and oxygen are reactants. -Carbon dioxide and water are products. -Both release energy. Energy is stored in small ATP molecules for slow use

Analogy: Power lines= sugar = tons of energy Wall socket = ATP = smaller units of energy

Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs? Autotrophs: Obtain energy from themselves, internal processes. auto: self Heterotrophs: Obtain energy from outside resources Hetero: other, different

Light and Pigments

Light and Pigments Why are most plants green? Are there plants / photosynthetic organisms that are other colors? -Why? The answer lies in: Light Spectra Pigments

Light and Pigments What is the light spectra? Visible light is just a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum

Light and Pigments The longest wavelengths have the lowest energies. (radio) As wavelengths decrease, the energy increases. (gamma) Jump rope…

Light and Pigments red orange yellow green blue indigo violet. Different colors correspond to different wavelengths The colors of the rainbow are ROY G BIV: red orange yellow green blue indigo violet. red has the longest wavelength, and the lowest energy violet has the shortest wavelength, and the highest energy

Only red light is reflected Seeing color The color an object appears depends on the colors of light it reflects. For example, a red book only reflects red light: Homework White light Only red light is reflected Homework

Purple light White light A pair of purple pants would reflect purple light (and red and blue, as purple is made up of red and blue): Purple light A white hat would reflect all seven colors: Homework White light

Using colored light If we look at a colored object in colored light we see something different. Shirt looks red White light Homework Shorts look blue

In different colors of light these clothes would look different: Red light Shirt looks red Shorts look black Shirt looks black Blue light Homework Shorts look blue

What color is this dress??

Light and Pigments Plants gather light spectra with light absorbing molecules called PIGMENTS The major pigment used by plants is chlorophyll There are two main chlorophyll types a and b

But very poorly in the green part of the spectrum. Light and Pigments Chlorophyll a and b absorb light very well in the violet/blue and orange/red parts of the spectrum. But very poorly in the green part of the spectrum. This makes most plants green (remember, to see a color it needs to be reflected)

Light and Pigments Beta-carotene (orange) Other pigments are also present in plants that use other wavelengths These include: Beta-carotene (orange) Xanthophyll (Lutein) (yellow)

There is so much chlorophyll, it masks other pigment colors. Light and Pigments Autumn Leaves There is so much chlorophyll, it masks other pigment colors. Light regulates chlorophyll production, so shorter days means less chlorophyll is produced, and the green color fades. Anthocynanins, producing red color, are produced during the breakdown of chlorophyll.