New reproductive technology Sebastian Fernandez and Carlos Andres Mejia

Introduction For centuries scientists have tried to develop a new way of creating life or of helping fertilization Cloning IVF ACT

Clonation

There are different types of cloning ´´Cloning is the creation of an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another. This means that every single bit of DNA is the same between the two!´´ There are different types of cloning Therapeutic Cloning Reproductive Cloning DNA Cloning

Reproductive Cloning Most known type There are several methods among which are: Artificial embryo twinning Somatic cell nuclear transfer

Artificial embryo twinning Mimics a natural process Twins occur when a zygote divides into two celled embryo. Both cells start developing on their own Artificial process is performed in a lab. Within a Petri dish Manual separation of the Zygote

Somatic nuclear transfer This process starts isolating a somatic cell from an adult female. The nucleus is taken out of the somatic cell The nucleus is inserted into an egg without nucleus. Some chemicals are injected in the egg. Starts behaving as a zygote.

ACT

ACT Artificial cell technology Developed in the J. Craig Venter institute Over 15 years of research A cell structure filled with computer made genetic material Not only some genes, but a full genome

IVF

In Vitro Fertilization The in vitro fertilization is a process where the egg is fertilized out side of the body. It works removing the egg from ovaries and letting the sperm fertilize it in a laboratory The zygote is then introduced into the uterus of the carrier Some of the in vitro fertilization examples are: Zygote intrafallopian transfer Intracytoplasmic sperm injection

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection Treats male infertility problems, or egg hyperresistance It is used toguether with another method that is Oocyte (Immature Ovum) extraction Using microtools and a microscope, the sperm`s tail is cutted and it is inserted into the oocyte. The egg becomes fertilized and it is inserted inside the mother.

Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) Used when due to a defect, the sperm is unable to meet the egg. The process takes about 5 weeks to complete Female must take a fertility medication When the follicles are mature HCG is injected

Zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT) 36 hours later the eggs are removed by transvaginal ovum retrieval The egg is fertilized in the laboratory Placed again inside the woman throu laparoscope

Bibliography http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vitro_fertilization http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assisted_reproductive_technology http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenine/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_division http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/cloning.shtml http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atresia http://www.geneticsandsociety.org/section.php?id=28 http://www.babycenter.com/0_fertility-treatment-gamete-intrafallopian-transfer-gift_4095.bc http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/fertility/services/zift.html http://www.babycenter.com/0_fertility-drugs-for-women_4091.bc http://www.americanpregnancy.org/infertility/zift.html http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/tech/cloning/whatiscloning