North American Plant Protection Organization Ian McDonell NAPPO Executive Director 21st Technical Consultation among Regional Plant Protection Organizations Entebbe, Uganda November 30 to December 3, 2009

Economic impacts of Plant Protection programs Difficult to quantify Mostly anecdotal evidence How much of benefits to attribute to plant protection programs Lack of data – before and after (e.g. ISPM15) No history of economic analysis in plant protection Politicians and public focus on ‘those that got away’

What do we know? Control and eradication costs are high Production losses Market losses Environmental damage Loss of native species

NAPPO case studies Potatoes NAPPO Regional standard serves as a framework to eliminate prohibitions and develop bilateral agreements Important economic and political benefits from potato trade among NAPPO countries

Cactoblastis cactorum (cactus moth) Social impact: Opuntia is a valuable agricultural commodity and staple food of some of the poorest communities living in Northern Mexico Economic impact: Annual potential loss in the United States and Mexico has been estimated at US $150 million Benefit/Cost ratio of control program estimated at 50:1

Irradiation as a Postharvest treatment NAPPO and IPPC Standards facilitated expanded use of this technology Mexico- lack of postharvest treatments for guava Irradiation opened US market with $5.5 million trade in first year India exports irradiated mangoes to US Hawaii investing in irradiation to expand export markets

Dr. Linda Fernandez, UC Riverside Additional work Dr. Linda Fernandez, UC Riverside CABI- Megan Quinlan Other RPPOs?

Thank you!