Chapter 8.5 A Time of Crisis 1300-1400’s Bubonic Plague Upheaval in the Church 100 (116) Years War Pope Clement V John Wycliffe
What were 4 ways the Bubonic Plague impacted Europe? Focus Q: Thursday, 10/27 What were 4 ways the Bubonic Plague impacted Europe? See 8.5 worksheet or page 270 “Normal Life Breaks Down”
Focus Q: 10/25 “Black Death: A Global Epidemic” 3 bullet point notes 1 sentence summary
What we’ll learn….. Why? About the Black Death…. The Church in crisis….it splits…then heals Eng and FR scrap for about 100 yrs…. 33% of Europeans died to Bubonic Plague. Eng loses and forgets about conquering Europe—explores overseas.
Objective: to learn about….. Black Death or Bubonic Plague The Church in crisis….it splits…then heals The 100 Years War btwn FR and BR
This is important b/c…… 33% of Europeans died to Bubonic Plague--many changes in European society b/c of the plague Future challenges to the Church will lead to an important split or schism Eng loses and forgets about conquering Europe—explores overseas.
British Empire
End of the World? crop failure brought famine and starvation Plague and war killed millions Still, the 1400s mark the end of the Middle Ages and beginning of the early modern era….Renaissance… Reformation…Age of Exploration
The Famine of 1315-1317 By 1300 Europeans were farming almost all the land they could cultivate. A population crisis developed. Climate changes in Europe produced three years of crop failures between 1315-17 because of excessive rain. As many as 15% of the peasants in some English villages died. One consequence of starvation & poverty was susceptibility to disease.
Black Death: Global Epidemic 1347-1353 ***the plague killed 1/3 of Europeans, over 25 million people*** Probably began in China—was spread by traders—killed 35 M in China Caused by bacteria on the fleas of rats Strangely, rats were common—in ships, towns, houses of the wealthy
1347: Plague Reaches Constantinople!
The Culprits
The Disease Cycle Bacteria multiply in flea’s gut. Flea drinks rat blood that carries the bacteria. Human is infected! Flea bites human and regurgitates blood into human wound. Flea’s gut clogged with bacteria.
***EPIDEMIC—outbreak of rapidly spreading disease*** Black Death w/in hours, victims develop EGG-SIZED LUMPS under their arms or groin Fever, vomiting, black spots from internal bleeding follow When you spit blood, death is certain ***EPIDEMIC—outbreak of rapidly spreading disease***
Septicemic Form: almost 100% mortality rate. The Symptoms Bulbous Septicemic Form: almost 100% mortality rate.
From the Toggenburg Bible, 1411 Art Imitating life
Normal Life Breaks Down People turn to magic, witchcraft for cures Turn to wild pleasures, gonna die anyway Plague was God’s punishment Some fled cities or hid in their homes Some Christians blames Jews, lepers, other minorities thousands were killed. Many burned alive. ***Write down 2 of these***
The Economy Suffers With some many dead, survivors demanded higher wages, which leads to… ***labor costs soar Inflation Landowners convert farmland to pasture—need less labor*** 3. But guilds limit opportunity in cities 4. Peasants revolt—100 years b/f Europe fully recovers
Upheaval in the Church Late middle ages brought: Spiritual crisis Scandal and Divisions to the Roman Catholic Church The Church couldn’t provide leadership in difficult times (plague, etc.)
The Church Splits ***1309, Pope Clement V moves papal court to Avignon, France—for 70 yrs.—power of the papacy declines*** Popes reigned over lavish courts Anticlerical sentiment grew against this pleasure-loving, partying papacy 1378 reformers elect their own pope from Rome
The Church Splits For decades, there was a split or schism (GSSW) in the Church Sometimes 3 popes claimed to head of the Church 1417, church council in Germany gets rid of all 3 and appoints a compromise candidate—Pope Martin V Papacy returns to Rome
Quotes to ponder……hmmmmm A woman's mind is cleaner than a man's: She changes it more often. I'm sorry, if you were right, I'd agree with you. Robin Williams If you could kick the person in the pants responsible for most of your trouble, you wouldn't sit for a month. Theodore Roosevelt
The Hundred (and 16) Years’ War In addition to plague, famine, economic decline……… Btwn 1337 and 1453, England and France fight a series of conflicts called the Hundred Years’ War
After the war
French and English Rivalry Grows English rulers want to hold onto French lands FR rulers want to extend their power in FR Both want control of the English Channel Both want control of trade in the region Once it began, economic rivalry and national pride made it hard to quit
English Win Early Victories 1. They owe their victories at Crecy (1346), Poitiers (1356), and Agincourt (1415) to the longbow Longbow archers could fire 3 arrows in the time the French could fire 1 from a crossbow Longbow arrows could pierce all but the heaviest armor
Longbows 6 feet high, 2 sheaths of 24 arrows Range of 300 meters
Joan of Arc Fights for France 1429—17 yr. old peasant girl—tells Charles VII that God sent her to save France She inspires the battered troops One year wins several battles, lays the groundwork for others Taken captive, tried for witchcraft, burned at the stake Much later, the Church declares her a saint
Joan of Arc Fights for France French troops see her as a martyr ….a new weapon, the cannon, they attack English castles By 1453, only Calais, in NW France is in English hands—see the map p. 271
Could fire stone balls 1 mile
Impact of the 100 Years’ War Created a growing sense of national identity in France ***French Kings expand their power*** **Power in English govt. begins to swing toward Parliament** (they win the “power of the purse”)
Impact of the 100 Years’ War ***English rulers turn to overseas exploration, trading*** **Castles and knights are doomed b/c of new weapons**—longbow, cannons Monarchs need large armies, not feudal vassals—turn increasingly to mercenaries
Ch. 8 creative side Draw 1 picture w/ a caption to show the cause of the Black Death and at least 3 pictures w/ captions showing the effects of Bubonic Plague.