MDG 6: Combat HIV-AIDS, Malaria, and Other Diseases Kuffel. Pineda. Soriano IVA

Section 1 About mdg 6

Millenium Development Goal 6 According to the United Nations: * Every day over 7,400 people are infected with HIV and 5,500 die from AIDS- related illnesses. HIV remains the leading cause of death among reproductive-age women worldwide. * An estimated 33.4 million people were living with HIV in 2008, two thirds of them in sub-Saharan Africa. * Access to HIV treatment in low- and middle-income countries increased ten-fold over a span of just five years.

Millenium Development Goal 6 * Malaria kills a child in the world every 45 seconds. Close to 90 per cent of malaria deaths occur in Africa, where it accounts for a fifth of childhood mortality. * 1.8 million people died from tuberculosis in 2008, about 500,000 of whom were HIV-positive.

TARGETS Target 6A. Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS Target 6B. Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it. Target 6C. Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases

Section 2 The Diseases

HIV-AIDS The virus can be found in the blood, semen, vaginal fluid, and breast milk of infected people. HIV is also found in saliva, sweat, and tears, though not in high enough amounts to transmit the virus to another person. There are no known cases of anyone catching HIV through sneezing, shaking hands, or from toilet seats or mosquito bites.

HIV-AIDS HIV destroys CD4 cells — a specific type of white blood cell that plays a large role in helping your body fight disease. Your immune system weakens as more CD4 cells are killed. You can have an HIV infection for years before it progresses to AIDS.

MALARIA Most malaria cases in the Philippines occur in swampy, hilly, mountainous regions and forested area that is infested with Plasmodium and any other deadly species. Plasmodium species can transfer virus by puncturing the human skin where the virus will then flow on the human's bloodstream, spreading in the whole body. Malaria can kill an individual  in just an hour, if the one being infected is not aware that he's been bitten.

TUBERCULOSIS A disease that affects namely the lungs but may affect other organs as well. It is contagious and an airborne disease. People with HIV were found to be more likely to catch the disease and be at risk. Pulmonary TB is can be suspected if a person has symptoms such as cough for more than 2 weeks, fever, chest and back pains, poor appetite, loss of weight and hemoptysis (coughing up of blood).

Latest status in the philippines Section 3 Latest status in the philippines

HIV-AIDS The Philippines is a low-HIV prevalence country, with less than 0.1 percent of the adult population estimated to be HIV positive. Prevalence has remained low despite widespread risky behavior, low rates of condom use, and increasing prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Recent information from the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), however, points to a rising trend in infections, with incidence increasing by 25 percent between 2001 and 2009 (UNAIDS, 2010).

HIV-AIDS From 1984 to present, a total of 4,971 people living with HIV/AIDS have been reported. Of these, 840 cases have developed into full- blown AIDS, and 315 have died (Department of Health [DOH], 2010). Since 2007, the number of reported cases has doubled every two years, implying that on the average, two new cases of HIV/AIDS are reported daily (DOH, 2009). About 89 percent of reported HIV/AIDS cases are sexually transmitted.

MALARIA In a statistics by World Health Organization, over 12 million people in the Philippines (almost 13% of the population) are at high-risk of malaria causing death. In the year 1990, 86,200+ cases of malaria in the Philippines were recorded.

TUBERCULOSIS The Philippines is ranked 9th in the 22 listed countries of of high-burden Tuberculosis (TB) countries, according to the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) Global report of 2009. It had the second highest number of cases in the WHO Western Pacific Region in 2007 after China. TB is named to be the sixth greatest cause of mortality with 33 deaths per 100,000 population (Philippine Health Statistics 2003) and sixth in terms of morbidity with 137 cases/100,000 population (FHSIS 2005).

PHILIPPINES SUMMARY TABLE OF ACHIEVEMENT OF TB MDGs

Section 4 So are we on track?

MDG 6

HIV-AIDS National response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic is mandated under Republic Act 8504, or the Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998. Under the law, the Philippine National AIDS Council (PNAC) was designated as the central advisory, planning, and policymaking body for HIV/AIDS and is tasked with overseeing an integrated comprehensive approach to HIV/AIDS prevention and control.

HIV-AIDS The Philippines isn’t in much trouble yet, though continents such as Africa should continue to seek attention to this disease.

PREVALENCE AND DEATH RATES ASSOCIATED WITH MALARIA 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Prevalence 118.7 76.6 71.3 73.9 85.4 88.5 95.8 96.8 96.1 91.2 66.6 52.0 50.3 Death Rates 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.7 ... Source: Department of Health - National Epidemiology Center/Field Health Service Information System (FHSIS) for death rates and Philippine Health Statistics for prevalence rates PREVALENCE AND DEATH RATES ASSOCIATED WITH MALARIA

TUBERCULOSIS It is predicted that without DOTS, the possible losses to the Philippines concerning the economy over a 10 year period (2006-2015 specifically) could range from 120-140 billion USD. DOTS: Directly Observed Treatment Short Course - In 1996, WHO and the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (IUATLD) introduced the DOTS for TB treatment.

Tuberculosis There are 5 elements to the DOTS: 1. political commitment 2. quality sputum microscopy for diagnosis 3. regular supply of anti-TB drugs 4. standardized recording and reporting of TB data 5. supervised treatment by a treatment partner

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