PONDER THIS What REALLY happened inside Johnny’s head? How do the brain, and the whole nervous system work? How common are these types of injuries? PONDER THIS How are Concussions Evaluated & Treated? Why can’t athletes go back in the game if it’s only a minor concussion? What part of the brain gets injured in a concussion?

The Brain Needs lots of TLC: Protection and Nutrition 1. Outer layer: scalp (skin) 2. Bony protection: Cranium (skull) 3. Meninges pia mater & dura mater Add a picture of a real cranium

Check out the Meningeal Layers in a REAL brain! Image from http://faculty.une.edu/com/fwillard/Meninges/

The Brain Needs lots of TLC: Protection and Nutrition 4. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Cushions the brain from a blow to the head Dec pressure at the base of the brain Excretes waste products through a one-way valve Transports hormones to other areas of brain 5. Blood Brain Barrier Add a picture of a real cranium

The Human Brain 1. 2% of the weight of the body 3 trillion cells Has gray and white matter Cerebrum – learning, judgment, intelligence - left half of the brain controls the right side of the body, right brain controls left body - 4 lobes on each side match skull bone names they’re beneath Remind Students: The brain is composed of neurons that communicate with other brain neurons and with the spinal cord neurons through action potentials. Spinal cord neurons communicate with PNS neurons in the same way. Images from Campbell Biology 7th Edition

4 Areas of the Cerebrum Four lobes Parietal – somatic sensory area, info from receptors in body is sent here Occipital- allows your brain to make sense of what your eyes “see” Temporal- makes sense of auditory stimuli  hearing Frontal lobe- primary motor area  allows conscious movement & fine motor movements; assoc w/ higher reasoning, socially acceptable behavior, areas of language comprehension The Cerebrum, (Cerebral Cortex) is the part of the brain that is vulnerable to injury if a person receives a blow to the head. Because different areas are specialized for different functions, the location of impact will greatly influence the symptoms displayed. Where might the injury be if someone is having visual problems? Want to know more about specialized areas of the brain and their functions? LINK …….. Images from Campbell Biology 7th Edition

Are you right or left brained? Take the quiz at: http://www.web-us.com/brain/braindominance.htm Check this site out to see how knowing whether you have a dominant right or left brain can help you succeed in school http://web-us.com/brain/lrbrain.html

Cerebellum Diencephalon Brain Stem Coordinates and balances movement by comparing expected to actual movement Diencephalon Includes thalamus and hypothalamus and pineal gland Thalamus – sensory inputs relayed to other parts of the brain Hypothalamus – Connects hormones with nervous system; controls body temperature, regulates involuntary nervous system Brain Stem Reflex center for heart rate, respiratory rate, swallowing, coughing, sneezing Connects spinal cord to brain

Hydrocephalus

Nervous System Review Games Group Trivia (basic review questions) Pictionary (small groups) Jeopardy (PowerPoint for whole class) download Neuroscience for Kids: Brain Games Online Quiz at the Mayo Clinic Brain & Nervous System Center