European Nationalism

E.Q. 2: How did nationalism affect Europe? Key Terms: German Confederation, Otto von Bismarck, Wilhelm I, Kaiser, Second Reich, Balkan nationalism, Young Turks

Nationalism—extreme pride in one’s culture and ethnicity Resulted in causing groups of similar races and ethnicities to push for political unification and the creation of new countries Other areas were impacted by violence and rebellions

Germany After Napoleon conquered most of Europe, the German kingdoms making up the Holy Roman Empire were affected by a strong sense of nationalism After Napoleon was defeated, the German Confederation was created, composed of 38 kingdoms and provinces with Austria and Prussia being the most powerful

The push for uniting the German lands was led by Prussia Otto von Bismarck, “the Iron Chancellor”, prime minister of Prussia practiced realpolitik—goal to unify Germany under Prussia rule Bismarck started three wars to eliminate Austria from the German Confederation and to get the support of the other (smaller) kingdoms fearful of Prussian dominance

Wars of German Unification The wars that Prussia fought were against Denmark, Austria, and France Each war helped to increase the sense of German pride and nationalism The final war, the Franco-Prussian War 1870-1871, humiliated France Had to pay reparations Had to give up territory along the French/Prussian border, Alsace-Lorraine France would be eager for revenge for many decades

Germany United The Franco-Prussian War also succeeded in gaining the support of all German people In 1871, Germany was united under the rule of Prussian king who became Kaiser Wilhelm I Kaiser=German for “emperor”

The German Empire began increasing its industrial output, esp The German Empire began increasing its industrial output, esp. in weaponry and railroads, emerging as a powerful nation The Second Reich, Second German Empire, was established (First Reich was HRE)