One word to describe WWI would be…. Think/pair/share Not really an American War http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/world-war-i-history/videos One word WWI

How it all began… June 28, 1914 Heir to the Austria- Hungarian throne (Franz Ferdinand) was assassinated in Bosnia by a Serbian Nationalist (Gavrilo Princip) Map July 28, 1914 WWI officially begins

And then…. A-H declares war on Serbia, Russia mobilizes to support Serbia Germany declares war on Russia Germany declares war on France Britain declared war on Germany WWI was in full swing….

What factor must have contributed to WWI? Why would a Serbian Nationalist kill the heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne?? What factor must have contributed to WWI? Imperialism – History Channel, Causes WWI http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/world-war-i-history/videos/causes-of-world-war-i

Causes of WWI Militarism – a focus on military/weaponry (characterized by Arms Race) Alliances – an agreement between 2 or more nations to support one another Imperialism – a strong nation taking over or influencing a weaker nation Nationalism – extreme love or pride in one’s nation (also ethnicity)

How does this cartoonist portray the causes of WWI?   Which causes appear to be the most significant?

How do these four factors work together? Led to competition between countries Led to anger and mistrust between European nations Led to anger and mistrust with small countries that were taken over

Militarism Army and military very important (think Mahan) Arms race Armies of both France and Germany had more than doubled between 1870 and 1910 English “navy 2.5x bigger than rest” Conscription, reserves & plans Led to: competition, hostility, fear, aggression…. Use it The British had introduced the 'Dreadnought', an effective battleship, in 1906. The Germans soon followed suit introducing their own battleships. The German, Von Schlieffen also drew up a GB said need navy 2.5 times larger than anyone to be competitive – invented the Dreadnought in 06’ -Germany then stepped up their efforts -Tried for arms reduction 1899 and 1907 but didn’t go anywhere Germany was leader in military organization and efficiency, so all copied universal conscription, large reserves and detailed plans plan of action that involved attacking France through Belgium if Russia made an attack on Germany. British Deadnought 1906

Alliances agreement made between two or more countries to give each other help if it is needed. When an alliance is signed, those countries become known as Allies. Sometimes join together because of common dislike Triple Entente Triple Alliance Led to: distrust & fear for other countries Do Not Write!!! Three Empires League in 72’: Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary = goal isolate France France takes Tunisia = Triple Alliance with Italy, Germany, Austria-Hungary in 82’ Kaiser Wilhelm hates Slavs = Franco-Russian Entente 94’ Germans congratulate Boers = England & France form Entente Cordial in 1904 – Russia joined in 07’

Imperialism – one country taking over another GB, France, Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary all look for the “best” colonies Ottoman Empire breaks up - Austria Hungary, Balkan states and Russia wanted it Led to – competition in Europe and hostility Led to - hostility from colonized countries Close Calls: In 05’ Germany called for a free Morocco (which British given to French in 04’), British defended France’s right to have Morocco -In 1911 – Germany sent warships to Morocco to defend them – England intervened and Germany got part of French Congo -1908 Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia (small area was Turkish province), angered Serbians who thought Bosnia should be theirs – Serbian threatened Austria-Hungary with War and (allied with Russia, then Germany allied with Austria-Hungary-Russia backed down) -War in Balkans 1911-1912 drove Turkey out of the area – states fought over who should control which states – A-H intervened and made Serbia give up some claims

Nationalism – pride/love one’s country British empire Unifications - Italy 1861; Germany 1871 Franco-Prussian War 1870-1871 Alsace-Lorraine given to Prussia/Germany Led to: Competition, superiority hostility – only one #1 Led to: anger among oppressed France loss of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany in 71’ – pride Austria -competition to be the best nation Prussian statesman Prince Otto Edward Leopold von Bismarck to unify Germany under Prussian control and, as a step toward this goal, to eliminate French influence over Germany. On the other hand, Napoleon III, emperor of France from 1852 to 1870, sought to regain both in France and abroad the prestige lost as a result of numerous diplomatic reverses, particularly those suffered at the hands of Prussia in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866. In addition, the military strength of Prussia, as revealed in the war with Austria, constituted a threat to French dominance on the continent of Europe. The oppressed people have pride too! 1912 nationalist movements overthrow Ottoman Turks (Balkans War) Led to - Russia, Austria-Hungary & Serbia compete for Balkins (slavic territories) that were formely Ottoman Empire Led to – hostility among oppressed people – join with protectors By the beginning of the 20th century, the Ottoman Empire was beginning to crumble. Sensing the opportunity, a wave of nationalism swept through the Balkans. War broke out in 1912, when Montenegrin troops moved across the border into the Ottoman empire. Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece joined the war a few days later. These Balkan allies drove the Turks out of Kosovo, Macedonia and Albania, which declared independence. Later the Serbs turned against the Bulgarians and occupied all of Kosovo as well as Macedonia. He was promoting the idea of the southern Slavs playing a greater role in the empire as a bulwark against Serbian expansionism. He was shot in Sarajevo by a Serb nationalist, First Balkan War was fought between an alliance of Balkan States, the Balkan League, against the Ottoman Empire. Serbia, Bulgaria, Montenegro and Greece went to war against the Turks in October of 1912. Balkan League invaded the European provinces of the Ottoman Empire in Thrace and Macedonia. In a series of campaigns fought primarily in and across Macedonia, the Alliance of Balkan States defeated the Turks and lay siege to Constantinople. he victory against the Turks lead to squabbling amongst the victors. In less than a month, the Greeks, Serbs and Montenegrins had squared off against Bulgaria. The planned division of Macedonia between the victors was at fault. Both sides still had their armies in the field in recently captured Turkish territory. This lead to the Second Balkan War, which saw the alliance of Serbia and Greece, pitted against their former ally, Bulgaria. In 1908, Austria-Hungary took over the former Turkish province of Bosnia. This angered Serbians who felt the province should be theirs. Serbia threatened Austria-Hungary with war, Russia, allied to Serbia, mobilised its forces. Germany, allied to Austria-Hungary mobilised its forces and prepared to threaten Russia. War was avoided when Russia backed down. There was, however, war in the Balkans between 1911 and 1912 when the Balkan states drove Turkey out of the area. The states then fought each other over which area should belong to which state. Austria-Hungary then intervened and forced Serbia to give up some of its acquisitions. Tension between Serbia and Austria-Hungary was high. The Slavic people are a race that descends from Indo-European roots that once shared a common language as well as area of descent. Today, the majority of Slavic people or Slavs live in Central and Eastern Europe. Slavic populations are particularly concentrated in Russia, the Ukraine, Poland, the Czech Republic, Serbia, Belarus, Bulgaria, Slovakia, Croatia, Bosnia, Slovenia, the Republic of Macedonia, and Montenegro. Today their language roots and geographical locations are divided into West, East and South Slavic, further dividing the Slavic people. Those from a particular group tend to speak the language accorded to that area. Of course, with modern immigration, there are many of Slavic descent living throughout the world, so it becomes more difficult to specifically define a “Slavic” people, according to language. They very early embraced Christianity, in around the sixth century. Most Slavic people still residing in Europe who are Christians are either Roman Catholics, Eastern Orthodox or Uniate. A few Slavs like the Pomaks in Bulgaria are Muslim. Many Slavic people met unfortunate demise in Poland during the Nazi occupation. Hitler in general, hated the Slavs, and thus forced many into slave labor. In fact one of the most devastating evils for the Slavic people at the hands of Hitler was his systematic killing of thousands of the best intellectuals in Poland, who were of Slavic descent.

Nationalism

Applying to the Assassination! 1908 Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia (small area was Turkish province) IMPERIALISM. This angered Serbians who thought Bosnia should be theirs NATIONALISM. Serbians threatened Austria-Hungary with war and allied with Russia ALLIANCES. Germany then allied with Austria-Hungary ALLIANCES. Russia backed down. War in Balkans 1911-1912 drove Turkey out of the area. However, states fought over who should control which states IMPERIALISM. Serbia in particular felt she should control other Balkin states NATIONALISM. A-H intervened and made Serbia give up some claims IMPERIALISM. Serbians were made at A-H NATIONALISM. Why is Ferdinand shot?

Based on those factors, why do some people call this war “pointless”?

Nationalism Imperialism Alliances Militarism