What do all these have in common? What are they used for?

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Presentation transcript:

What do all these have in common? What are they used for?

Transformers Learning Outcomes By the end of this lesson you will be able... To investigate practically how a transformer works. To identify some applications of transformers. Keywords Transformer, step-up, step-down , c-core

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Electricity is transferred from power stations to homes through the wires and cables of the National Grid. When a current flows through a wire some energy is lost as heat. The higher the current, the more heat is lost.

To reduce these losses, the National Grid transmits electricity at a low current. This needs a high voltage. Power = voltage x current Power stays the same so....

National grid cables and wires Homes and Schools 230V Power station 25,000V Step up transformer Step down transformer National grid cables and wires 400,000V

The Transformer Principle AIM: To investigate how the output voltage of a transformer depends upon the number of turns on the secondary coil. APPARATUS Electrical power supply set at 2V A.C. Connecting wires An A.C. multimeter (to measure the voltage) Iron C-core with primary coil of 30 turns of wire on it. Various iron C-cores with 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 turns of wire Calculator

The Transformer Principle Primary coil with 30 turns V Secondary coil with 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 or 60 turns C-cores 2V SAFETY Always switch off the power supply before making any changes to the circuit.

The Transformers Principle Primary Turns Secondary Turns Input Voltage / V Output Voltage /V Expected Output Voltage / V 30 10 2.0 Leave this column for now

The Transformer principle State the independent, dependent, and all the control variables (remember this from IAAs). Plot a graph of output voltage (V) (y-axis) against number of turns on secondary coil (x-axis). Describe how the output voltage depends on the number of turns on the secondary

The Transformer principle Extra challenge: For transformers, which are 100% efficient, the output voltage can be calculated using this equation. Use this equation to calculate the expected output voltage (empty column on the table) How does these answers compare with your results?

The Transformer principle If the output voltage is less than the calculated voltage, the transformer is less than 100% efficient. Come up with ideas why this may be.

Applications of transformers A step up transformer increases the voltage (Point up) A step down transformer decreases the voltage (Point down) Decide whether you think the following are step up transformers or step down transformers. Extra challenge: Explain why.

Lap top charger

X ray machine

Phone charger

National Grid

Can you think of any other examples?