Te Tiriti o Waitangi/The Treaty of Waitangi All plates from www.teara.govt.nz

The New Zealand Question “New Zealand had no strategic, resource or military value and was about as far away from Britain as it was possible to be.” (Moon & Biggs, 2004, p.76). 1831, Māori petition to King William IV From 1832 on reports arrived in London from NZ – written by missionaries, settlers, traders, Māori asking for support or intercession Māori request British help in Elizabeth affair British politicians under pressure to resolve Slight fear of formal French interest (unfounded) Cross Tasman trade advantages Decide to appoint British Resident 1642: Abel Tasman. 1769-77: Cook. 1831 petition: urged British control over British subjects, praised CMS, voiced concerns about Catholic missionaries and hinted at trade prospects. 1831 permanent European pop. Of 300. Elizabeth affair: Capt. John Stewart transported T/Rau to Banks Penin. Slaughtered major N/T leader. (Tamaiharanui and Chief Ahu travelled to Sydney to ask for Brit. Help).

The New Zealand Question 1835: Busby and northern chiefs select maritime flag 28 October 1835: Declaration of Independence June 1837: Queen Victoria ascends throne NZ Question examined in select committees May 1837: New Zealand Association Steady flow of lobbying continues Social and moral issues about the Empire’s treatment of indigenous peoples August 1839 decide to annexe NZ Select Coms: House of C, CMS trumpeted their achievements ptg attractive pic. Of NZ. Favoured a treaty. Denounced land companies. House of L:rec. A treaty and protection be ext. To M. Vic. Young (18yrs.) and inexperienced monarch. NZ Company: “fittest country in the world for colonisation”/Plan for systematic colonisation. Missionaries feared uncontrolled European presence undo their work with Maori.

Normanby’s Instructions Given to Hobson, 14 August 1839 Natural resources Strategic influence Recognised Māori sovereignty and title Role of own lawless subjects Gain Māori consent to govern Persuade Māori about the advantages of British government Negotiate a treaty Use “mildness, justice and perfect sincerity.” (Moon & Biggs, 2004, p.169) Utilise missionaries Secure land trading arrangements Acquire unsettled lands Attend to unjust land acquisition Establish schools (‘civilise’) Not tolerate “savage practices.” (Moon & Biggs, 2004, p.171) Colonial Secretary in 1839. Clarify Brit. Policy re. NZ. Maor consent to be “free intelligent”.

Influences on Māori Protect people and lands and keep the peace Kororareka/Russell Fraudulent land deals Unfounded fear of international interference Deal with traders and sly-groggers Trusted the missionaries Sharing of authority Presented with an ideal picture Caring Crown Combining spiritual and temporal realms Increased trade/material assets/political support Enhanced status (Orange, 1997, pp.43-59)

Content Ko te tuatahi Article the First Te Tiriti o Waitangi The Treaty of Waitangi Ko te tuatahi Kawanatanga → Te Kuini Article the First Māori cede sovereignty to the Crown

Content Article the Second Ko te tuarua Te Tiriti o Waitangi The Treaty of Waitangi Article the Second Full exclusive and undisturbed possession of... Lands Estates Forests Fisheries Other properties Pre-emption Ko te tuarua Tinorangatiratanga Wenua Kainga Taonga Hokonga

Content Ko te tuatoru Article the Third Te Tiriti o Waitangi The Treaty of Waitangi Ko te tuatoru Nga tangata Article the Third Rights and privileges of British subjects

Content Ko te tuawhā ? Te Tiriti o Waitangi The Treaty of Waitangi Te ritenga ?

Details In the English language In te reo Māori Te Tiriti o Waitangi The Treaty of Waitangi In the English language Signed Waikato Heads March/ April 1840 and Manukau Heads 26 April 1840 39 signatures Signed because there was no room left on Māori language text In te reo Māori First signed at Waitangi on 6 Feb. 1840 Overall, texts considered to have in excess of 500 signatures

Differences Kawanantanga Tinorangatiratanga and taonga Te Tiriti o Waitangi The Treaty of Waitangi Kawanantanga Tinorangatiratanga and taonga Presence of Article the Fourth Discussed, debated and agreed to Circulated nationally Sovereignty Concrete guarantees Absence of Article the Fourth Read out once Signed incidentally No presence nationally Doctrine of Unity