Off-site Emergency Management Planning Dr Rakesh Dubey Director Disaster Management Institute Bhopal rakeshddubey@hotmail.com www.hrdp-idrm.in For “Capacity Development of Officers of Directorate of Factories, Boilers, Industrial Safety and Health” Govt of Karnataka

An effort to address the Why to do? What to do? How to do? What will the application? Who will be benefitted?

Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rule ( MSIHC ) – 1989. Preparation of “On – Site Emergency Plan” by the occupier. Details to be furnished as per Schedule – 11 Preparation of “Off– Site Emergency Plan” by the authorities as specified in Schedule 5 Details to be furnished as per Schedule – 12

Disaster Management Planning both on-site and off-site should be with following components: A. Risk Assessment & Management B. Emergency Preparedness C. Community Dialogue

Priority for the state of Karnataka State LPG , Propane (under pressure in liquid phase) Ammonia (under pressure/refrigeration in liquid phase) Chlorine (under pressure in liquid phase) Hydrogen (under pressure in gases) CS2 C0 + H20 + CH4 ( Blast furnaces, LD gases, etc)

Causality chain Emission MODELLING Environmental or distribution MONITORING Environmental distribution Exposure Effects

Types of Emissions Peak emissions Continuous emissions Intermittent emissions Block emissions

Spatial scales Local scale Regional scale Area around one point source Average environmental characteristics “Reasonable worst case” scenario Regional scale Area of 200 x 200 km 20 million inhabitants 100 or 10% of production Average environmental characteristics

Single source

Multiple sources

Storage Conditions Atmospheric Storage Pressure Storage Fully Refrigerated Storage Semi-Refrigerated Storage Gas Under Pressure Which condition is leading to significant impacts

What would be the impacts? What may go wrong? What would be the impacts? Start How it may go wrong? How likely its occurrence? Hazard identification Quantitative hazard assessment Probabilistic hazard assessment Accident scenario development Fault tree for the envisaged scenario Fault tree development What maintenance schedule would reduce its likelihood of occurrence? Consequences analysis Fault tree analysis Risk estimation Apply maintenance measures and re-evaluate risk Whether risk is in acceptance? Suggest maintenance measures to control risk No Yes End

Risk Assessment & Management 1. evaluate range of potential incidents (without considering possible causes) 2. put mitigation in place for foreseeable ones 3. evaluate community consequences for range of incidents,

b) worst imaginable case a) credible worst case - largest tank or worst failure consequence - reasonable duration of release - passive mitigation in effect - credible worst weather b) worst imaginable case - worst possible duration or release - no mitigation - worst possible weather

On-site Risk Off-site Risk

Hazards identification : Materials, process, regulatory, Consequence of hazards Likelyhood of consequences Frequency of occurrence Calculation of Risk Decision for weighing alternatives

Industrial Disaster Management Cycle: OECD

Reliability Risk Assessment Risk Based Maintenance Planning Risk estimation Hazard identification Quantitative Hazard Assessment Probabilistic Hazard Assessment Risk Quantification Risk evaluation Setting up risk acceptance criteria Risk comparison Maintenance planning

Part two Preparedness, Planning, Response

Risk related information can be delivered in a meaningful, cost effective and secure manner Key stakeholders should not be left out of the Risk communication network Dialogue & Follow up

Key Points: RAIN! Recognize Avoid Isolate Notify What can I do? Disasters can happen to you at any time and it is important to be aware of your surroundings, know your role (what to do), and who to tell. R Recognize the presence of a hazard A Avoid Contamination through use of protection I Isolate hazards by securing the area N Notify appropriate higher level persons

Recognize Unusual Activity / Behavior Hazardous weather conditions Things out of place Unexplained liquids Strange smells Abnormal fogs or mists Suspicious Packages Recognize the hazard: What do I see, hear, or smell? Examples of unusual activities / behavior: Persons wearing inappropriate clothing for current weather conditions Hospital visitors exploring restricted areas Persons taking pictures of facilities Persons frequently visiting for inconsistent or unsubstantiated reasons Large vehicles parked in visitor areas (i.e. large trucks in non-loading dock areas) Unattended packages Hazardous weather conditions: Typically, we are warned in advance of an impending hurricane; however, tornados may happen with little or no warning. [Instructor note: Discussion / audience participation may be stimulated by asking the participants for examples of what they consider unusual activity or behavior. Consider reviewing Infant Abduction Alert.] ?

Avoid What Do I Stay Away From? Don’t become a victim Don’t rush in Remember: Your safety is paramount. Think about the situation before acting to avoid becoming a victim. Take actions to avoid liquids, powders, clouds, or vapors and out of sight of any potential improvised explosive device. If you can see a bomb, then it can kill you is a good rule of thumb. Apply the concepts of time, distance, and shielding. Avoiding exposure time to the threat, put distance between oneself and the threat, and protective equipment or barriers between oneself and the threat. Always use standard precautions Proper hand washing is a great basic infection control method to protect yourself, staff, and patients Consider alternative products to hand washing when necessary such as alcohol gels and foams Routinely wipe down surfaces with surface wipes Ask if you are unsure – it is better to be safe than sorry. If you need to wear a face mask, FIT testing and / or proper training is required. Persons who work in clinical areas will be FIT tested. The 4 Don’ts Don’t TEST (Taste, Eat, Smell, Touch) Don’t assume anything

Isolate Keep others away from hazard area Fire doors may be used to help contain a fire as well as support containment of a security threat or infectious area. It is each department’s responsibility to know how to control and / or contain their area. Access to critical areas must be controlled. It is important to note security needs. It is everyone’s responsibility to assist with preventing unauthorized access. Do not open locked doors to persons outside. Watch for and report persons entering an isolated area. Take action to isolate or reduce exposure to contamination or threat; attempt to remove oneself from the contaminated zone, remover other people who may be in the contaminated zone, and keep people from going into the contaminated zone. Evacuation may be necessary. Keep others away from hazard area

Notify Immediate Supervisor Hospital Emergency Phone Number It is important to know what belongs in your area and what doesn’t so that things like suspicious packages and chemical spills are recognized right away. Avoid touching or tasting unknown liquids, objects, packages, etc. Isolate and contain the area. Evacuation and / or decontamination may be necessary. Also remember to consider security concerns. Call for help and notify appropriate persons. [Instructor Note: This slide should reflect your hospital’s procedures for notification. Please modify accordingly.] Remember RAIN! Recognize, Avoid, Isolate, Notify

RAIN! Example #1 Recognize: Suspicious Package Avoid: Do not touch object Isolate: Contain the area & keep others away from hazard area Notify: Call for help For bombs, cell phones may activate a bomb and need to be turned off.

RAIN! Example #2 Recognize: Chemical Spill Avoid: Do not touch, taste, or smell Isolate: Contain the scene & keep others away from hazard area Notify: Call for help Chemical spills may be identified by observation of strange vapors and smells, or liquids of unusual color. Decontamination team personnel will perform decontamination procedures as necessary. High level personal protective equipment should only be used by those individuals who have been properly trained.

Incident

ALARP

ALARP means ‘As Low As Reasonable Practicable’ ALARP demonstration means: To demonstrate that the project & associated systems and HSEMS will enable the facility to be operated & maintained safely such that residual risks to HSE are tolerable

By putting prevention techniques Through planning By response plans Through mitigation Education and awareness Best practices

Good practices Technical approaches

Management review

Transport Sector

Administrative and technical control Worst example of regulatory compliance Best example for regulatory compliance October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP rakeshddubey@hotmail.com

Administrative and engineering Engineering way No engineering arrangements for storing October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP rakeshddubey@hotmail.com

Administrative /Engineering failure October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP rakeshddubey@hotmail.com

Excercise October 21, 2010 at Hyderabad, AP rakeshddubey@hotmail.com

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