Enlightenment Bellwork What does the famous phrase “Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness” mean to you? Opinion What does the following quote mean to you? “All things must be examined, debated, investigated without exception and without regard for anyone’s feelings” Diderot

Objective WWBAT: Summarize the thoughts of famous Enlightenment thinkers. WWBAT: Analyze the quotes of these thinkers.

Interactive Notebook Set Up 2/29/2016 Philosphes Tweets This will be on 2 pages.

Background Hobbes Locke Montesquieu Tweet Tweet Tweet

Voltaire Rousseau Smith Wollstonecraft Tweet Tweet Tweet Tweet

What was it? The Enlightenment was an 18th century philosophical movement that used the scientific method to explain and improve society.

Background Deism taught a believe in God based on rationality and natural observation Not divine intervention or revelations Universalism/Unitarianism taught that all people could and would be saved These both went against a common belief of the time, predestination Deism and Universalism/Unitarianism were both very liberal branches of Christianity

Deism

Background The Enlightenment stressed that Reason could cure mankind of all past injustices Through reason man could discover the Natural Laws that regulated society Once that is done man can reach Progress that would guarantee human betterment

Background The intellectuals who adopted this position were called Philosophes The philosophes were social critics, publicists, political scientists, economists, and social reformers Their ideas would influenced the beliefs of the founding fathers

Background They attacked laws, institutions, and practices Everything that they considered to be unreasonable or unnatural The Philosophes believed that the people had the capability to make changes that would make life better Their view of the future was generally bright

What To Do I will be providing some background info on some important Philosophes You are to summarize the thoughts of each Philosophe into a Tweet or Tweets This means you have 140 characters to summarize their thoughts!

Thomas Hobbes

Thomas Hobbes Believed in the social contract People should give up individual liberties in return for social order The natural condition of humans is one of continuous conflict and competition Supporter of absolute monarchy The monarchy would help to keep social order

Thomas Hobbes Believed anarchy to be a state of nature. Wrote Leviathan (1651) Leviathan or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil Said life is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short”.

John Locke

John Locke Believed in individual rights – Life – Liberty – Property People would not and could not willingly surrender their fundamental natural rights.

John Locke Government existed to protect those rights, & if they didn’t, it should be overthrown. Rebellion is the right of the people because people have the gift of reason Supporter of Democracy Wrote Two Treatises on Government

Baron de Montesquieu

Baron de Montesquieu Division of power into 3 branches Executive Legislative Judicial His idea of checks and balances would influence the U.S. Constitution

Baron de Montesquieu Saw humans life as a comedy and satire Climate and Circumstances determine the form of governments Published The Spirit of the Laws (1748)

Voltaire (Francois Marie Arouet)

Voltaire Strong supporter of Freedom of Speech, Thought, & Religion Humans are liars, traitors, ingrates, thieves, misers, killers, fanatics, hypocrites, fools and so on. Yet, it’s normal. Believed Governments should ensure personal freedoms

Voltaire Satirist who wrote about the French Monarchy, the nobility, and the church Wrote Candide & Philosophical Letters Hated the Church, injustice, and prejudice Imprisoned twice in France for his views

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Jean-Jacques Rousseau Believed in Popular Sovereignty sovereign power is vested in the people Argued people are naturally good, but society corrupts them through environment, education and laws. Opposed strong government.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau Government created and controlled by the people. Did not trust reason, believing that it brought corruption and misery. Published The Social Contract (1762)

Adam Smith

Adam Smith Government should allow economic liberty, Called laissez-faire. Shouldn’t control economy He greatly opposed many of the principles of Mercantilism

Adam Smith Free trade, Market economy, Supply and demand Believed in Self interest, Competition, and Everyone is selfish Wrote The Wealth of Nations (1776)

Mary Wollstonecraft

Mary Wollstonecraft Early spokesperson for Women’s Rights Argued the ideals of equality should be extended to women as well as men. Governments should extend political rights to women as well

Mary Wollstonecraft Women should also enjoy educational freedoms as well Wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792)

Identify who said it and what it means! “Power should be in check of Power.”

Identify who said it and what it means! “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.

Identify who said it and what it means! “Let women share the rights and she will emulate the virtues of men.”

Identify who said it and what it means! “The action of men are the best interpreters of their thoughts.”

Identify who said it and what it means! “No complaint ... is more common than that of a scarcity of money.”

Identify who said it and what it means! “The condition of man... is a condition of war of everyone against everyone.”

Identify who said it and what it means! “It is dangerous to be right in matters on which the established authorities are wrong.”

Identify who said it and what it means! “Power should be in check of Power.” Montesquieu

Identify who said it and what it means! “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains. Rousseau

Identify who said it and what it means! “Let women share the rights and she will emulate the virtues of men.” Mary W.

Identify who said it and what it means! “The action of men are the best interpreters of their thoughts.” Locke

Identify who said it and what it means! “No complaint ... is more common than that of a scarcity of money.” Smith

Identify who said it and what it means! “The condition of man... is a condition of war of everyone against everyone.” Hobbes

Identify who said it and what it means! “It is dangerous to be right in matters on which the established authorities are wrong.” Voltaire

Some other Quotes from Voltaire “Life is a shipwreck but we must not forget to sing in the lifeboats.”

Some other Quotes from Voltaire ““It is forbidden to kill; therefore all murderers are punished unless they kill in large numbers and to the sound of trumpets.”

Some other Quotes from Voltaire “I have never made but one prayer to God, a very short one: "O Lord make my enemies ridiculous." And God granted it.”

Some other Quotes from Voltaire “I do not agree with what you have to say, but I'll defend to the death your right to say it.”

Some other Quotes from Voltaire “History is only the register of crimes and misfortunes.”

Some other Quotes from Voltaire “Every man is guilty of all the good he did not do.”

Some other Quotes from Voltaire “No snowflake in an avalanche ever feels responsible.”

Some other Quotes from Voltaire “Let us read and let us dance - two amusements that will never do any harm to the world.”

Some other Quotes from Voltaire “God is a comedian, playing to an audience too afraid to laugh.”

Philosophe Bellwork Which philosophe came up with each of the below ideas? Social Contract Hobbes Checks and balances Montesquieu Life, Liberty, and Property Locke

Objective WWBAT: Summarize the thoughts of famous Enlightenment thinkers. WWBAT: Analyze the quotes of these thinkers.

Philosophe Wrap Up Bellwork Mary Wollstonecraft was an early spokesperson for_______________ Women’s Rights Adam Smith felt the __________ should not be involved in economy Government Which Philosophe said people were born good, but corrupted by society? Rousseau