How Scientists group living Things? Classification of Living Thing Five Kingdom Characteristics Examples Animals Many-celled, feed on other living things Mouse, dogs, fish, frogs Plants Many-celled, make their own food Trees, flowers, grass Fungi Most many celled, absorb food from other living or dead things Mushrooms, molds Protista one cell, make their own food or feed on other ling things Algae, amoebas Monerans no cell nuclei, make their own food or feed Bacteria Processes of Life USF/NSF/STARS

Classification goes beyond kingdom level All kingdoms can be broken in small groups according common characteristics. A detail classification should includes the following steps in the ladder. Phylum – Second highest classification it covers different groups with a common physical characteristics. Class – Grouped families according a shared attribute. (mammals) Order– How the a class group survive? (carnivorous, herbivorous) Family – Taxonomic group containing one or more genera. Genus – The second smallest group Species –Smallest group whose members can interbreed. The science of classifying things is called Taxonomy. Processes of Life USF/NSF/STARS

Classification beyond kingdom level Processes of Life USF/NSF/STARS

Processes of Life USF/NSF/STARS Animal Kingdom-is composed of living things made of many cells. They must eat other animals or plants to survive. Phylum Vertebrate animals have backbone. Examples Amphibians (moist skin, no scale) Frogs, toads and newts. Birds (wings,feather,beak) Fish (fins, scales, gill) Mammals ( hair, milk) Dog, cats, bears. Reptiles (dry, scale skin) Snakes, turtles, alligator. Processes of Life USF/NSF/STARS

Animal Kingdom Continues Phylum Invertebrate animals do not have backbone. Examples Arthropods (joints, shells) Crustaceans (crab, lobster) Insects (beetles, ants) Arachnids (spiders) Mollusks (sea creatures) sponge Snails leaches Processes of Life USF/NSF/STARS

Processes of Life USF/NSF/STARS Classifying the group of the animals according to the physical characteristics Vertebrate Amphibians Birds Fish Mammals Marsupials Primates Cetaceans Reptiles Invertebrate Annelids Arachnids Crustaceans Echinoderms Insects Mollusks Protozoa Processes of Life USF/NSF/STARS

Processes of Life USF/NSF/STARS Plant Kingdom-is composed of all plants made of many cells with nuclei. Plants produce their own food. Phylum Vascular plants – have tubes on roots, stem, and leaves. Examples Trees, bushes, and ornamental plants Seed plants Angiosperms make their seeds in flowers. Gymnosperms produced seed in cones (conifers, pine) Processes of Life USF/NSF/STARS

Processes of Life USF/NSF/STARS Plant Kingdom Cont’s… Phylum Nonvascular plants – don’t have tubes. Examples Lichens Liverworts Non-Seed plants are able to produce new plants without seeds. (Spore a single reproductive cell) Ferns Mosses Algae (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Processes of Life USF/NSF/STARS

Processes of Life USF/NSF/STARS Plants Anatomy Botany is the study of plants. A scientist who studies plants is a botanist, and anatomy is a science that study how living things are including their parts. Two main types of root: taproot system, a single large root that grows straight down. fibrous root system, smaller branching roots. (1) (2) Two main types of stem: green stems are thin flexible tubes in a bundle that holds the plant. woody stems grows taller and thicker every year. (3) (4) Processes of Life USF/NSF/STARS

Plants Anatomy Cont’s… The tubes which carry water are called xylem, and the ones that carry the food are called phloem. Two main types of leaves Needle leaves are thin pointed, and very tough. Broad leaves, are wider and expose more surface to the sun. Main parts of a leaf Central stalk called the “petiole”. Lamina is the blade of a leaf. Veins carry the water and food. Tiny holes microscopic in size, called “stomates”. Midrib is the central rib of a leaf. (1) (2) (3 to 7) Processes of Life USF/NSF/STARS

Processes of Life USF/NSF/STARS Flowering plants have a characteristics that all other kinds of plants do not have: A flower as part of the plant where seeds are made. Anatomy of a flower Anther - tip of a flower's stamen Stamen - male reproductive organ, contains the pollen. Filament - holds the anther and part of the stamen. Ovary - is a female reproductive organ, base of the pistil. Petal - leafy structures that comprise a flower. Sepal - small leaves located directly under a flower. Stem - supports the plant. Stigma - uppermost part of the pistil, receives the male pollen. Pistil - female reproductive tissue of a flower. Style - is a long tube on top of the ovary, and below the stigma. (I) Processes of Life USF/NSF/STARS

Processes of Life USF/NSF/STARS Classifying Leaves Students should classify different leaves according to their: LEAF SHAPES (Commonly-employed terms.) Ovate-egg-shaped with the larger end at the bottom. Elliptic-shaped like an ellipse, tapered at both ends and with curved sides. Oblong-tapered to both ends, but with the sides more or less parallel. Lanceolate-shaped like the tip of a lance. Processes of Life USF/NSF/STARS

Processes of Life USF/NSF/STARS Classifying Leaves LEAF SHAPES (Commonly-employed terms.) Linear- long and thin, with the sides parallel. Like grass leaves. Orbicular-nearly circular in outline Cordate-heart-shaped with the wide part at the bottom Hastate-with two basal lobes that point straight out Processes of Life USF/NSF/STARS

Processes of Life USF/NSF/STARS Classifying Leaves LEAF SHAPES (Commonly-employed terms.) Sagittate-with two basal lobes that point backwards Peltate-with the petiole attached to the center of the underside of the blade Perfoliate-with the petiole appearing to run through the center of the leaf Terete-circular in cross-section. Processes of Life USF/NSF/STARS

Common Characteristics Animals Plants Cells as part of the anatomy Arteries and Veins Xylem and phloem, roots Reproductive System Eggs Reproductive System, Seeds Respiratory System Skeletal Structure Branches, Leaves, Stem Processes of Life USF/NSF/STARS

Different Characteristics Animals move freely and plants are rooted in the soil. Animals take in oxygen and give off carbon dioxide. Animals do not make their own food and do not have chlorophyll. Animal cells do not have a cell wall. Animals eat plants, but plants do not eat animals generally. Animals in general are more advanced in their structure than plants. Processes of Life USF/NSF/STARS

Processes of Life USF/NSF/STARS Website Activities Animals Plants Games House Experiments Test Fungi Workbook sheets Processes of Life USF/NSF/STARS

Processes of Life USF/NSF/STARS References Harcourt Science, 4th grade “The Chameleon cover", Harcourt School Publisher, Unit A pp.4-110. http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/plntcell.htm Harcourt Science, 5th grade “The Frog cover", Harcourt School Publisher, Unit A pp.2-126. www.innerbody.com/htm/body.html http://www.kidport.com/RefLib/Science/Animals/Animals.htm http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/CURR/Science/sciber00/7th/classify/sciber/5king2.htm http://csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/tfplab/vegchar.htm http://www.dmturner.org/Teacher/Library/4thText/ PlantsPart1-4.html Processes of Life USF/NSF/STARS