3.3 Parts of the Cell Key CONCEPTS: 1. What are the cells structures and what are their functions? Language/Vocabulary: *Draw analogies between the cell and a city *Create our own analogies in a project

Nucleus Only found in eukaryotic cells Control center or “brain” of cell Contains genetic information What molecule does the nucleus contain?

Nuclear Structures The nuclear envelope is a membrane that surrounds the nucleus What is the function of the nuclear membrane? The nucleolus is an organelle inside the nucleus Its function is to make ribosomes for the cell

Cytoplasm Area in between the nucleus and cell membrane Made of a jelly-like substance called cytosol Found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells What is the function of cytoplasm?

Ribosomes Small round organelles Found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells What is the function of ribosomes?

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Network of membranes that surround the nucleus Two kinds: 1. Rough ER - ribosomes attached 2. Smooth ER - no ribosomes attached The ER transports proteins and lipids around the cell What types of cells have ERs?

Golgi Apparatus Group of flattened membranes Processes, packages, and ships out (exports) cell products Ex. Proteins AKA Golgi bodies What types of cells have a Golgi apparatus?

Lysosomes Small round organelles Mostly found in animal cells Lysosomes are digestive organelles Breakdown molecules for parts Eliminate: waste products What organ system would they be related to in humans?

Mitochondria Large oval organelle Provide: energy for the cell Used in cellular respiration Convert organic molecules to energy molecules Glucose  Energy What does organic mean?

Cilia Cilia are short hair-like projections on cells What is the function of cilia? What kinds of cells have cilia?

Flagella Flagella are long whip-like tails on cells What is the function of flagella? What kinds of cells have flagella?

Chloroplasts Large green organelles that conduct the process of: photosynthesis Produce sugar using light energy What kinds of cells have chloroplasts?

Vacuole Large organelle in plant cells Store water and waste products Help give plant cells their shape Animal cells may also have one or two smaller vacuoles Can also store POISON in plants.

Cell Wall Rigid structure that surrounds the outside of cells Protects the cell Gives cells shape What types of cells have cell walls?

Cell Membrane Semi-permeable structure that surrounds the cell What does permeable mean? Controls what enters and exits the cell Found in all cells AKA : the plasma membrane

Cell Membrane Made of a bilayer of phospholipids Phospholipids have hydrophobic (fearing) tail and hydrophilic (loving) head The cell membrane also has proteins in it to help move molecules in and out of the cell