Good Morning! Go ahead and get your notebooks ready, we have a lot of ground to cover this morning! If you do not get everything down, this powerpoint is already uploaded to my website.

Perception, or how we make sense of the world around us.

Depth perception enables us to judge distances. Gibson and Walk (1960) suggested that human infants (crawling age) have depth perception. OBJECTIVE 5| Explain the importance of depth perception, and discuss the contribution of visual cliff research to our understanding of this ability. Innervisions Visual Cliff

Binocular Cues Retinal disparity: Images from the two eyes differ. Try looking at your two index fingers when pointing them towards each other half an inch apart and about 5 inches directly in front of your eyes. You will see a “finger sausage” as shown in the inset.

Binocular Cues Convergence: Neuromuscular cues. When two eyes move inward (towards the nose) to see near objects and outward (away from the nose) to see faraway objects. OBJECTIVE 6| Describe two binocular cues for perceiving depth, and explain how they help the brain to compute distance.

Monocular Cues Relative Size: If two objects are similar in size, we perceive the one that casts a smaller retinal image to be farther away. OBJECTIVE 7| Explain how monocular cues differ from binocular cues, and describe several monocular cues for perceiving depth.

Monocular Cues Interposition: Objects that block other objects tend to be perceived as closer.

Monocular Cues Relative Clarity: Because light from distant objects passes through more light than closer objects, we perceive hazy objects to be farther away than those objects that appear sharp and clear.

Monocular Cues Texture Gradient: Indistinct (fine) texture signals an increasing distance.

What that looks like: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-MqzjceE9o Monocular Cues Relative motion: Objects closer to a fixation point move faster and in opposing direction to those objects that are farther away from a fixation point, moving slower and in the same direction. What that looks like: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-MqzjceE9o

Monocular Cues Relative height: Objects higher on our visual field seem farther away.

Monocular Cues Linear Perspective: Parallel lines, such as railroad tracks, appear to converge in the distance. The more the lines converge, the greater their perceived distance.

Monocular Cues Light and Shadow: Nearby objects reflect more light into our eyes than more distant objects. Given two identical objects, the dimmer one appears to be farther away.

Gestalt Principles and Perception

Gestalt Terms Foldable Six Key Terms to Remember: Closure Figure-ground perception Proximity Similarity Continuity Common fate

Analyzing the Silent Drill Platoon in terms of Gestalt rules Figure-ground: Who stood out more than others? When did certain people fade into the background?

Analyzing the Silent Drill Platoon in terms of Gestalt rules Proximity: When did you start to group soldiers together into smaller units?

Analyzing the Silent Drill Platoon in terms of Gestalt rules Closure: Did you ever think the show was over before it actually was? When?

Analyzing the Silent Drill Platoon in terms of Gestalt rules Similarity: When did you see the unit as one solid group?

Analyzing the Silent Drill Platoon in terms of Gestalt rules Continuity: -What did it look like when each group was marching through each other?

Analyzing the Silent Drill Platoon in terms of Gestalt rules Common fate: Did the lines between the individual soldier and the unit blur for you?

Applying Gestalt Principles Think of some type of performance or activity It will be easier if they have multiple people (e.g. a ballet or football) Describe how each of the principles of Gestalt psychology apply