The Roman Republic

Roman Society Romans forced their last king to leave in 509 BC and formed a republic. This meant that leaders would be elected or appointed. At first only the very wealthy men in Rome – the Patricians – had power or could make decisions. This led to the ordinary people – the Plebeians – being unhappy and after much unrest a system was made to give both groups some power.

Magistrates Groups of people called Magistrates were elected to important positions. The Patricians voted for Quaestors who helped run the government and made less important decisions. The Plebeians voted for Tribunes who did not make decisions but could stop any decision by saying “veto” – I forbid! Four Magistrates were elected as Aediles who were in charge of supervising public places and food supply. By law two of these had to be Plebeians.

Consuls There were also many other important Magistrates who were in charge of taxes or served as judges. Although all free citizens could vote for magistrates the more important positions were voted for by a system that gave more influence to richer voters – the Patricians. The two highest ranking magistrates were the Consuls. They were elected to govern Rome making most of the important decisions. Consuls were usually elected for one year like all the magistrates.

The Senate The most important group of people in Roman society were the 600 men in the Senate who were called Senators. It was made up of men who had served as magistrates and could then became members of the Senate for life. They discussed and debated issues. They made the laws. They appointed leaders for the army.

The Senate The meetings were run by the most senior magistrate available, usually one of the consuls. Higher ranking senators – usually Patricians – sat nearer to the front and were allowed to speak first. Senators wore a coloured sash to show their rank. There was no time limit on speeches!

Dictators If it was felt that Rome was in great danger then one of the consuls could be made a Dictator for six months. This meant that one person could make all important decisions and control Rome. This power was limited to six months because the Romans feared anyone becoming too powerful and making themselves a king!