9/12 Daily Catalyst Pg. 16 10% Rule 1. Which organism is both the predator and the prey? a. A b. B c. C d. D 2. What is the difference between a primary and secondary consumer? 3. True or False, The arrows indicate that organism C eats organisms D.

9/12 Daily Catalyst Pg. 16 10% Rule 1. Which organism is both the predator and the prey? a. A b. B c. C d. D C 2. What is the energy source for all food webs? The sun 3. True or False, The arrows indicate that organism C eats organisms D. False, the arrow shows organism D eats organism C

9/12 Class Business Quiz #4 on Friday Ecology Test Thursday, 9/18 Ecology paper due Thursday, 9/18 Presentations are next Friday for Extra Credit Sign up by today! Interim extra credit

9/12 Agenda Daily Catalyst Class Business 10% rule notes Quiz #4 Library work Time

Speedy Review! 1. I am a mother to a lot of offspring. I will take care of them for the first few weeks of life, then they are own their own for survival. What type of curve is described? Type II 2. In a habitat, abundant resources are available to a newly developed population. What type of growth curve is expected? Exponential (J-curve) 3.In a food chain, this organism is essential for supplying energy to consumers and also for itself. Name this type of organism. The producer Have student stand up and find someone they normally do not talk to to answer the questions.

Speedy Review! 4. I am an organism that is highly territorial and prefers to be left alone. What type of dispersion will I show? Uniform (like penguins) 5. True or false, two countries can have identical age diagrams even if their population size is different. False, if countries have different population sizes, then they have to have different age diagrams! They do not have the same number of people Have student stand up and find someone they normally do not talk to to answer the questions.

9/12 Objective Analyze food webs by predicting the impact of the loss or gain of an organism Page 16 10% Rule

How does energy flow throughout a food web?! Food Webs How does energy flow throughout a food web?! Let’s review food webs before we begin talking about energy. Food webs are organisms in an ecosystem linked to one another. Food webs always begin with the producers. The consumers that eat producers are primary consumers then come secondary and tertiary. How do we show energy? By arrows. The arrows start with the animal being consumed to the belly of the consumer. What happens if we start to add or remove organisms to the food web? This will change the food web. We could remove a food source of the organisms and cause an organism to die or add a competition and this will cause populations to decrease since there is competition for food sources.

Most energy? Least energy? Where is the most energy in the organisms on the slide? Why? What has the least amount of energy and why? Least energy?

Key Point #1: Trophic Levels are energy levels in a food web

Energy Inefficiency Key Point #2: Only ____ of energy is passed from one trophic level to the next. Key Point #3: The rest, 90% is given off as __________ Key Point #4: Called the _______ 10% 1.0% HEAT This is why there are usually only a few trophic levels in a food chain. The higher up in the food chain you go, the more food an organism must eat to get the same amount of energy. My students in the past have had a LOT of trouble with the 10% rule. Good luck! 10% 10% rule 100%

10% Rule 1% 0.1% 10% 100%

Who has the most energy in this food web? THE PRODUCERS The producers 100%

Who has the least energy in this food web? THE TERTIARY CONSUMER (TOP OF THE FOOD CHAIN) The tertiary consumer the cougar

Does the cougar get more energy when it eats a fox or when it eats mice? WHEN IT EATS THE MICE Eats the mouse. Do the math

Let’s practice math What is 10% of: 100 452 348.7 27.22 Answers: a. 10 b. 45.2 c. 34.87 d. 2.722 10 200 45.2 34.87 2.722

Example 1 The ranches of the American Midwest are full of grass. The grass uses sunlight to grow. Cows and rabbits graze on the grass. However, the grass provides these animals little shelter from wolves, which eat the cows and rabbits. A – The sun provides energy for producers. Primary and secondary consumers eat producers. Without energy from the Sun, the ecosystem could not function. B – All energy that enters the food web begins with the Sun. The grass receives 100% of the Sun’s energy. The wolves receive 1%.

Example 1 Wolves: _____kcal 34.5 Cows and Rabbits: ________kcal 345.0 3450 345 34.5 Grass: 3450kcal

Rabbits: ________ kcals Cougar: ________kcals .0768 .768 Wolves: _______ kcals Foxes: _______kcals 7.68 Rabbits: ________ kcals 76.8 Pineapple bush: 768 kcals

Tell me what ya know! What percentage of energy actually transfers up each trophic level? A) 1% B) 10% C) 50% D) 100% B

The diagram shows an energy pyramid for an African savanna The diagram shows an energy pyramid for an African savanna. Which statement best describes the flow of energy in the pyramid? A. The zebras have the least amount of energy B. The producers have the least amount of energy C. The lion has the least amount of energy D. All the organisms have an equal amount of energy C

Observations of an ecosystem in Louisiana show that organisms in the first trophic level have an energy intake of 5,000 kilocalories per square meter per year (kcal/m2/year). What is the energy intake for the third trophic level of the same ecosystem? a. 50,000 kcal/m2 per year b. 500kcal/m2 per year c. 50 kcal/m2 per year d. 5.0 kcal/ m2 per year

a. 3 kcal/m2 per year b. 33.8 kcal/m2 per year Observations of an ecosystem in Louisiana show that organisms in the fourth trophic level have an energy intake of 3.38 kilocalories per square meter per year (kcal/m2/year). What is the energy intake for the second trophic level of the same ecosystem? a. 3 kcal/m2 per year b. 33.8 kcal/m2 per year c. 338 kcal/m2 per year d. 33, 680 kcal/ m2 per year 2nd: 3,368 3rd: 368 4th: 36.8 B 3

Homework Complete the food chain homework. There is a front and a backside! Work time

Quiz #4 Directions: Silently and independently complete the quiz #4: Answer every question and try your best. Time: 15 minutes Noise: 0 (silent)

Observations of an ecosystem in Louisiana show that organisms in the third trophic level have an energy intake of 678 kilocalories per square meter per year (kcal/m2/year). What is the energy intake for the producer of the same ecosystem? a. 6.78 kcal/m2 per year b. 678000.0 kcal/m2 per year c. 67.8 kcal/m2 per year d. 67800 kcal/ m2 per year

Pretend that a falcon enters the ecosystem. Falcons eat toads Pretend that a falcon enters the ecosystem. Falcons eat toads. What will happen to the snake population? All will go extinct Increase in size Decrease in size Stop eating toads C C

Imagine that a population of bears wanders into the ecosystem Imagine that a population of bears wanders into the ecosystem. Bears eat foxes. What will happen to the squirrel population? All will go extinct Increase in size Decrease in size Move elsewhere B B