Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams

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Presentation transcript:

Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams

One particle picture represents one atom An atom has a structure of its own and we can look closely at it

Atomic Structure The atom is made up of protons and neutrons (in the nucleus) and electrons (‘floating’ around the nucleus) Particle Charge Location Short Form Proton Neutron Electron

Particle Charge Location Short Form Proton + Nucleus p+ Neutron neutral n0 Electron - Orbits e-

Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams A diagram showing the structure of the atom Neils Bohr Discovered that there are negatively charged particles moving around the nucleus of the atom in ‘shells’ Ernest Rutherford Discovered that the nucleus of the atom was mostly positive (because of the protons)

Electrons (Negative Charge) ENERGY LEVELS 1st shell (2 electrons) 2nd shell (8 electrons) 3rd shell (8 electrons) 4th shell (18 electrons) Protons Neutrons Nucleus (Positive Charge) Electrons (Negative Charge)

Important Things to Remember The # of protons determines which element is represented The # of electrons can change but the # of protons CANNOT change Electrons travel in energy levels The outer most level is called the valence shell Atoms ‘wish’ to be ‘stable’ by having a full valence shell

Standard Notation 11 Na 22.99

Element symbol (Sodium) Standard Notation 11 Na 22.99 Element symbol (Sodium)

Element symbol (Sodium) Standard Notation Atomic # 11 Na 22.99 Element symbol (Sodium)

Element symbol (Sodium) Standard Notation Atomic # 11 Na 22.99 Element symbol (Sodium) Atomic Mass

Helpful Hints Atomic # = # of Protons # of Protons = # of Electrons # Neutrons = Atomic Mass – Atomic #

Let’s go back to Sodium… 11 Na 22.99

Let’s go back to Sodium… 11 Na 22.99 # p+ = # n0 = # e- =

Let’s go back to Sodium… 11 Na 22.99 # p+ = 11 # n0 = (23-11) = 12 # e- = 11

Let’s go back to Sodium… # p+ = 11 # n0 = (23-11) = 12 # e- = 11

Let’s go back to Sodium… # p+ = 11 # n0 = (23-11) = 12 # e- = 11

Let’s go back to Sodium… # p+ = 11 # n0 = (23-11) = 12 # e- = 11

Let’s go back to Sodium… # p+ = 11 # n0 = (23-11) = 12 # e- = 11

Let’s go back to Sodium… # p+ = 11 # n0 = (23-11) = 12 # e- = 11

Let’s go back to Sodium… # p+ = 11 # n0 = (23-11) = 12 # e- = 11

Let’s go back to Sodium… # p+ = 11 # n0 = (23-11) = 12 # e- = 11

Let’s go back to Sodium… # p+ = 11 # n0 = (23-11) = 12 # e- = 11