Noun phrases II Lesson 11

Translation problems II Italian does not allow pre-modification to the same extent as English (post-modification is more common) The relation between the components of the pre-modification is often not explicit in English Environment department air pollution report finding scandal The scandal uncovered?/caused? by the findings of the Environment Department’s report on air pollution

Premodification in proper names   The National Trust estate of Hardcastle Crags lies just a short walk from Elmet Farmhouse. There are also a wealth of other attractions within close range. The ancient  village of Heptonstall is not to be missed. Haworth village, home of the Bronte sisters, is less than 7 miles away.

Premodification in proper names Slow Food Presidia The Presidia sustain quality production at risk of extinction, protect unique regions and ecosystems, recover traditional processing methods, safeguard native breeds and local plant varieties.

You may well already recognise this fancy name You may well already recognise this fancy name. Bourne & Hollingsworth have been around for longer than a minute, serving up high-end cocktails to Londoners at their vintage- inspired Fitzrovia bar and Reverend JW Simpson bar.  

You may well already recognise this fancy name You may well already recognise this fancy name. Bourne & Hollingsworth have been around for longer than a minute, serving up high-end cocktails to Londoners at their vintage- inspired Fitzrovia bar and Reverend JW Simpson bar. nome, evocativo e sofisticato raffinati cocktail bar di ispirazione vintage/dall’ambientazione vintage/in stile vintage Fitzrovia e Reverend JW Simpson,

Translate the following complex noun phrases Our motorboat left from the quaint yet burgeoning tourist-and-cruise hub of Ketchikan, Alaska, weaving past evergreen-covered mountains with their peaks obscured by the misty morning fog. She led us to Totem Park, the site for which the former fishing camp and cannery hub is now most famous, to see Alaska’s larger collection of authentic totem poles

Translate the following complex noun phrases Our motorboat left from the quaint yet burgeoning tourist-and-cruise hub of Ketchikan, Alaska, weaving past evergreen-covered mountains with their peaks obscured by the misty morning fog. La barca è partita dal porto di Ketchikan, Alaska, fiorente meta turistica e di crociere/crocevia di turisti e di crociere, dall’aria/dal fascino retro, costeggiando/lasciandosi alle spalle le montagne ricoperte di conifere con le cime velate dalla foschia mattutina.

She led us to Totem Park, the site for which the former fishing camp and cannery hub is now most famous, to see Alaska’s larger collection of authentic totem poles Ci ha accompagnati a Totem Park, il sito per cui il luogo - originariamente un villaggio di pescatori e centro di confezionamento del pesce - è oggi famoso, per visitare la più grande collezione di totem/pali totemic dall’Alaska.

Complex lexically dense NPs as a feature of specialized langauges Slightly dilated intrahepatic ducts A severe hepatic artery stricture An HTML editing programme Document file icon Private foreign investors Exchange-rate policies The continuing post-industrial transformation The inner city rioting

Equivalents in Italian: lack of sistematicity English Noun_Noun antibiotic resistance antibiotic treatment Host DNA Italian: resistenza agli antibiotici (N_prep_N) trattamento antibiotico (N_A) DNA ospite (N_N) substantial lack of sistematicity, with hardly predictable patterns across the two languages from the viewpoint of parts-of-speech.

Effect of the lack of one-to-one correspondence Selectable marker > *Marcatore selezionabile? Tissue culture > dei tessuti? tissutale? Genome sequencing> Sequenziamento del genoma? Sequenziamento genomico? DNA sequencing > sequenziamento del DNA no

Corpus check: selectable marker 1° step: look for possible equivalents (Linguee)

Checking against the Web as a corpus Marcatore di selezione: 78.600 results Marcatore genetico: 57.900 results Marcatore genico: 308 results

Noun_noun phrases Levi (1978) Noun_noun phrases are the result of two types of process: Predicate deletion tear gas = gas that causes tears Predicate nominalization Cell decomposition (cell decompose) Birth control (to control births)

N_N Eng > ? Italian generalizeable ‘rule’: If a N-A (or more rarely N_N) pattern is possible in Italian, then that is the default option NpN as a “second best”

Why? Tentative explanation: N_A (or N-N) perceived as more lexicalized than N_prep_N As scientific discourse aims at precision and monoreferentiality, a higher extent of lexicalization resembles more closely the one-term- for- each-referent ideal

Also register differences testify in favour of this explanation Which is more technical/formal? Nucleo cellulare vs nucleo della cellula Latte vaccino vs latte di mucca Carne avicola vs carne di pollo Carne suina vs carne di maiale Carne equina vs carne di cavallo

Other factors affecting N_A vs N_prep_N choice textual distribution: N_A in headlines and topicalised (thematized) position

Can you find examples of pre-modification Orangutan squeaks reveal language evolution, says study Dr Adriano Reis e Lameira from Durham University recorded and analysed almost 5,000 orangutan "kiss squeaks". He found that the animals combined these purse-lipped, "consonant- like" calls to convey different messages. This could be a glimpse of how our ancestors formed the earliest words.

Orangutan squeaks reveal language evolution, says study I versi degli oranghi fanno luce sull’evoluzione del linguaggio Dr Adriano Reis e Lameira from Durham University recorded and analysed almost 5,000 orangutan "kiss squeaks". “baci” di oranghi He found that the animals combined these purse-lipped, "consonant- like" calls to convey different messages. Suoni simili a consonanti vs suoni consonantici prodotti con un arrotondamento delle labra

Today is the first day of the European Flower Week, which will promote the EU's eco-label in nine European Countries. Eco-tourism

Vs about 30.000 for ‘marchio di qualità ecologica’