Warm up When the bell rings, please begin quietly working on the Inventions warmup on your desk. Read over the list and answer the questions below. Please have your Tweet homework out and ready to be collected

Quick West Review Settlers pushed further westward in search of jobs, fortune, fresh start The federal government encouraged this, providing incentives to move and fighting and imposing restrictions Native Americans occupying the lands Living on the frontier was harsh, but new technological developments made life easier

Rise of Industry and Big Business Unit 1 Rise of Industry and Big Business

Main Idea At the end of the 19th century, natural resources, creative ideas, and growing markets fueled an Industrial boom.

Causes of Rapid Industrialization An abundance of natural resources Coal, iron, lumber Developments in technology; Transportation An adequate and cheap labor supply A growing domestic market Federal support for industrial projects By 1890, the value of industrial goods and services, for the first time, exceeded that of agricultural products.

Natural Resources Oil = Black Gold! 1859- Edwin L. Drake, successfully use a steam engine to drill for oil near Titusville, PA, then removing oil from beneath the earth’s surface became practical. Started an oil boom. Gasoline, a by-product of the refining process was originally thrown away, but became the most important form after the car became popular!

Rapid Industrialization Factories increase production New tools and production methods for larger numbers of goods Mass production-More quantity, less quality Assembly lines Long work days- 14-16 hours Transformation of the food Industry Methods of processing food for shipping Railroads expand markets and shipping for resources

Steel Henry Bessemer and William Kelley Created a new process called “Bessemer Process”- blowing air through molten iron to remove carbon and other impurities By 1880, American manufacturers were using this new method to produce more than 90% of nation’s steel

Steel Changes Everything Railroads Barbed Wire Innovative construction Brooklyn Bridge, 1883 Skyscrapers

Thomas Alva Edison “America’s Greatest Inventor” Established research lab in Menlo Park, NJ ”First” Industrial Research Laboratory Held more than 1,000 patents Perfected the incandescent light bulb in 1880 Also invented a system for creating and distributing electrical power

George Westinghouse Pioneer of electrical industry Invented technology for sending electricity over long distances Alternate Current- allowed for electricity to power homes, factories, and city streets

Alexander Graham Bell 1876- patented the telephone Several people “invented” versions of the telephone (as early as 1854, but Bell is often given credit). More than 1 million telephones in the US by 1900

Model T Automobile Henry Ford produced first car in 1896 Began to reshape American cultural and social life 1895- 4 automobiles on highways 1917-nearly 5 million! Importance of Assembly Line: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cTZ3rJHHSik

The Airplane Wright Brothers Test flight near Kitty Hawk, NC in December, 1903. Airplane took off by itself, traveled 120 f.t in 12 seconds Fall of 1904- improved plane which could fly over 23 miles! Began to take passengers the next year

U. S. Patents Granted 1790s  276 patents issued.

Big Business

New Business Culture Laissez Faire  the ideology of the Industrial Age. Individuals should compete freely in the marketplace. NO government intervention; regulations, tariffs, etc.

New Business Culture Corporations Entrepreneurs Company or group of people authorized to act as a single entity (legally a person) and recognized as such in law. Took advantage of expanding markets Investors lose no more than original investment Entrepreneurs Person who operates or organizes a business Flourish in system of Capitalism & Free Enterprise Fuel industrialization by investing in products or ideas to make a profit

Advantages of a Corporation Maximized profits Limited Liability Same rights as an individual Buy & sell property Sue in courts https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wtMORWO5h9Y

Trusts A trust is a relationship whereby property is held by one party for the benefit of another. A trust is created by a donor, who transfers property to a trustee. The trustee holds that property for the trust's beneficiaries Companies assign their stock to a board of trustees Board combines stock into new organization & runs the organization Perfected by JP Morgan https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gfr2EHDwQ_0

Images of the Industrial Era What are some positive effects? Negative?