Classification The Five Kingdoms
Aristotle
Aristotle First scientist recognized for classifying organisms. Aristotle’s system was used from around 300 BC until the 1600’s. That is about 2000 years!
Fly Plants Animals All Living things With Blood Without Blood Swim Walk Fly
What about the Duck?
Carolus Linnaeus
Linnaeus Scientist in the 1700’s Classified organisms based on similarities in their structure! 2 Kingdoms: Plants and Animals Why not other kingdoms, like bacteria? Split kingdoms into groups called genera (genus) Divided each genus into multiple species
Each organism had many common names, so each species has a two-part scientific name: 1st name: genus 2nd name: species Example: Ursus americanus Ursus arctos Ursus maritimus
Binomial Nomenclature = 2 name naming system Two parts to every name: Baleonoptera musculus (Genus) (Species)
Example Kingdom: Plants Phylum: Vascular plants, seed bearing Class: Pinopsida Order: Pinales (conifers) Family: Pinaceae (Pine) Genus: Picea (Spruce) Species: Picea pungens (Blue Spruce)
Example Kingdom: Animals Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hominidae (gorillas, orangutans, humans) Genus: Pan Species: Pan troglodytes (Chimpanzee)
Example Kingdom: Animals Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Infraclass: Marsupialia (pouch) Order: Diprotodontia (two forward teeth) Family: Phascolarctidae Genus: Phascolarctos (pouch & bear) Species: Phascolarctos cinereus (Koala)
Eukaryote: Organism whose cells have a true nucleus Prokaryote: Organism whose cells do not have a true nucleus Heterotroph: Organism that cannot make its own food, it must get food from another source Autotroph: Organism that can make its own food
Kingdom Monera Unicellular Cell has no true nucleus No cell wall Some make their own energy, some don’t Examples: Bacteria
Kingdom Protista Unicellular Have a nucleus No Cell Wall Some make their own energy, some don’t Examples: Amoebas, Diatoms, Paramecium
Kingdom Fungi Multi-cellular Have a nucleus Have cell walls with chitin Can’t make their own energy Examples: Mushrooms, Mold, Yeast
Kingdom Plant Multi-cellular Have a nucleus Have a cell wall with cellulose Make their own energy (photosynthesis) Examples: Algae, Mosses, Ferns, Flowering Plants, Flowering Trees, Conifers
Kingdom Animal Multi-cellular Have a nucleus No cell wall Can’t make their own food Examples: Sponge, Jellyfish, Insects, Frog