Chapter 3 Colonial America

Early English Settlements Section 1 Early English Settlements English struggled to settle and form a colony in N. America Humphrey Gilbert: claimed Newfoundland in 1583 but died at sea Sir Walter Raleigh: settled Roanoke Island but settlers returned to England after difficult winter

John White: map maker/artist, led a group back to Roanoke He returned to England for supplies but didn’t return to to Roanoke for 3 yrs Roanoke was deserted, word carved on post: Croatoan Island that is where he believed the group had gone there, but unable to explore to find out All trips were granted by Queen Elizabeth of England to settle the new land

http://www.history.com/topics/jamestown/videos/mystery-roanoke

The year 1606 is the next time merchants were given charters to settle the area

The Virginia Company Group of merchants sent settlers to search for gold and establish trade in fish & furs Ship entered Chesapeake Bay in April 1607 Named the settlement Jamestown in honor of their king Colony survived because of Capitan John Smith Colony lacked leadership when Smith left, suffered a hard winter and fighting between Indians

Discovered how to make money by growing a type of tobacco The colony of Virginia prospered Relations w/Indians improved Land ownership was expanded Colonists had a government – The House of Burgesses King James made Jamestown England’s first royal colony in America http://www.history.com/topics/jamestown/videos/jamestown-founded-in-1607 http://www.history.com/topics/jamestown

New England Colonies Next colonists came for religious freedom Section 2 New England Colonies Next colonists came for religious freedom Some wanted changes in the Anglican Church

Separatists Persecuted in England & fled Made arrangements with Virginia Company Called themselves pilgrims because their journey had a religious purpose Mayflower took some pilgrims Landed in Cape Cod – Plymouth Territory was outside of Virginia Company and its laws – Mayflower Compact was drawn up http://www.history.com/topics/pilgrims http://americanhistory.about.com/od/colonialamerica/a/may_compact.htm

Puritans Wanted new religious freedoms, were granted charter Massachusetts Bay Company Saw a opportunity to create a new society based on the Bible Settled a place called Boston Journey was called Great Migration Led by John Winthrop Him & his assistants made colony laws Eventually male church members helped sustain laws http://www.history.com/topics/us-states/massachusetts/videos/puritans-vs-pilgrims

Thomas Hooker Led his congregation to Connecticut and founded Hartford Hartford and 2 other towns form a colony and adopt a plan of gov’t called: Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Roger Williams Settled Rhode Island when he was forced out of Massachusetts His religious beliefs banished him Took up refuge with some Native people and founded town of Providence Place where all faiths could worship freely

New England went to war against the Wampanoag people Conflicts w/Natives arose when settlers moved onto their land w/o permission 1st war broke out 2 traders were killed in Pequot territory Troops from CT would burn their main village and kill hundreds New England went to war against the Wampanoag people The chief wanted to stop people from moving onto their land Wampanoag would lose and colonists were free to expand settlement

Middle Colonies The Dutch West India Company Founded New Amsterdam Section 3 Middle Colonies The Dutch West India Company Founded New Amsterdam Center of shipping to and from America Wanted more settlers in its colony Offered estates to anyone who brought workers to work the land Landowners called patroons

England wanted to own the established trade colony of New Amsterdam from the Dutch England sent fleet and took over the colony because the governor was unprepared Renamed the colony New York It was a proprietary colony

New Jersey Established by John Berkeley and George Carteret Not as successful as New York Didn’t profit enough Made a royal colony

Pennsylvania Founded by William Penn He was given large piece of land for a payment He was a Quaker and saw a chance to put his beliefs into practice Believed everyone was equal Proprietary colony https://www.schooltube.com/video/43ba694b69264c319154/The%20Middle%20Colonies

Southern Colonies Maryland Section 4 Southern Colonies Maryland Established by Cecilius He gave large estates to English aristocrats As the number of plantations grew so did the need for people to work them Indentured servants and enslaved Africans were important to the colony Many servants or other settlers were granted freedom if they worked w/o pay for a certain length of time

1663 King Charles II created a colony south of Virginia called Carolina – Latin for “Charles Land” John Locke wrote a constitution for the colony It didn’t develop as planned & split into North and South creating 2 colonies

2 dominate crops in Carolina North C Grew tobacco and sold timber and tar Used Virginia’s ports to trade South C Fertile farmland Harbor at Charlestown Traded deerskin, lumber, beef 2 dominate crops in Carolina Rice and indigo

Georgia founded 1733 Last British colony setup James Oglethorpe British officials also hoped that this colony could help protect the other colonies from Spain Built forts and town of Savannah Was given back to the King after poor development

French founded Quebec in 1608 Mainly concerned w/fishing and trapping for fur Some traders traveled down the Mississippi River and founded a region they would call Louisiana in honor of their king Set up a port of New Orleans Advanced slowly through N.A. Friends w/Indians Had tenant farmers

Spanish Controlled most of Mexico and south of that Built military posts in Santa Fe, New Mexico and San Antonio, Texas for production Built a string of missions along Pacific coast