Industrialization

Foundations for Economic Growth Abundant Natural Resources The “Free Enterprise” System Capitalist Free Market Social Darwinism The Role of Government “laissez-faire” Patent system Tariffs Fertile soil, swift flowing streams, timber, coal, iron ore, oil, phosphates, and copper Capitalist society, tools, factories, and other means of production are privately owned, people are free to buy and sell goods (market economy), cheaper better goods compete more effectively, competitive work ethic=social Darwinism (adapt, survive, thrive)

Foundations for Economic Growth The Legacy of the first industrial revolution Steam power, and mass production of goods Economic stimulus provided by the Civil War Money re-invested in manufacturing

Spread of Railways End of Civil War=35,000 miles of railroads 25 years later 5x that amount Transcontinental railroad- 1869 George Pullman- sleeping car Refrigerated cars- insulated with ice on the top Time Zones Stimulus to steal, iron and coal industries Shipment of goods

Technological Innovation Steel Bessemer process- cheaper to create good steel Communication Telegraph- transatlantic cable, 1858 then 1865 Telephone Electricity Phonograph Light bulb Nicola Tesla Oil First oil well- 1859 in Pennsylvania Petroleum, kerosene, gasoline 80% cheaper- railroads, steamships, suspension bridges, turbines and engines, and skyscrapers Tesla- worked for Edison from Serbia, Edison- direct current tesla- alternating current, teslas lasted longer and could travel longer distances, lit up Chicago’s world fair in 1893 Petroleum- lighting and machine lubrication, kerosene- lighting, gasoline- internal combustion engine

Women and African American Inventors Josephine Cochran- automatic dishwasher John Albert Burr- rotary blade lawn mower Granville T. Woods- telegraph that could send signals between trains Sarah Goode- first African American Women to have a patent, fold away bed tucked into a desk Madam C.J. Walker- hair car products, first African American millionaire