LC use cases & requirements for PAR/CSD May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 November 2017 LC use cases & requirements for PAR/CSD Date: 2017-11-05 Authors: Name Affiliation Email Volker Jungnickel Fraunhofer volker.jungnickel@hhi.fraunhofer.de Dominic Schulz Frauhofer dominic.schulz@hhi.fraunhofer.de Pablo Wilke Berenguer pablo.wilke.berenguer@hhi.fraunhofer.de Anagnostis Paraskevopopulos anagnostis.paraskevopoulos@hhi.fraunhofer.de Ronald Freund ronald.freund@hhi.fraunhofer.de Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

November 2017 Abstract This presentation highlights three use cases in which pilots with early adopters have been started recently and discusses the required key performance indicators. Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI)

Selected Use Cases for Light Communications January 2016 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1472r0 November 2017 Selected Use Cases for Light Communications © Ullrich F. Wende Mobile Backhaul Industrial Wireless Public/Private Premises © vm © Alexandra Iakovleva © mattjeacock © pixone © pidjoe Selected pilots with end users in use cases that exploit the unique selling points of LC Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Huawei Technologies)

Wireless Backhaul Pilot January 2016 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1472r0 November 2017 Wireless Backhaul Pilot P2P with up to 1 Gb/s data rate, latency ≤ 2ms Rate-adaptive, easy alignment, low costs Outdoor trials were conducted in parallel with commercially available 60 GHz RF unit Optical Unit: 500 Mbps @ 100 m No interference with RF No license fees High availability Market Potential Backhaul for 5G deployment Networked streetlights Mobile networks for big events Wireless to the Home Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Huawei Technologies)

Pilot Results of LC + RF for Wireless Backhaul January 2016 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1472r0 November 2017 Pilot Results of LC + RF for Wireless Backhaul 5 months field trial (Dec/16 – Apr/17) over 100 m Visibility is always >100 m, no link outage despite fog/sunlight Optical link is faster 90% of the time, RF is little more robust LC/RF Aggregation: Clear indication of diversity in bad weather conditions 100% availability  suitable for carrier-grade deployment of small cells Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Huawei Technologies)

Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) January 2016 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1472r0 November 2017 Target for PAR / CSD To enable wireless backhauling, PAR / CSD should target the following technical requirement. ■Data rate: In the range from 1 Gbps to 10 Gbps ■Latency: in the range from 1 …5 ms at MAC SAP ■Tight integration of LC with RF insíde MAC/PHY ■Wavelength: Infrared light from 0.8 to 2 µm ■Duplex: TDD is better from complexity/cost perspective Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Huawei Technologies)

Use Case 2：Industrial Wireless January 2016 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1472r0 November 2017 Use Case 2：Industrial Wireless Industrial OWC: high availability, low latency  use MIMO! Use omni-directional optical Tx at mobile robot’s head, distributed Rxs Li-Fi channel sounder (200 MHz BW, 6x8 MIMO measurements in real robotics environment Minoru Komori (Ushio) Edward Au (Huawei Technologies)

Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) May 2015 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/0496r1 Distributed MIMO Setup 6 Tx at robots arm pointing to all directions 8 Rx at the fence of manufacturing cell 48 channels between all Tx and all Rx measured along mobile robots trajectory Observations SNR is low in wide-beam/wide bandwidth setups Frontend design may differ from high SNR scenarios Higher modulation index + lower bandwidth for enhanced SNR Diversity-oriented MIMO for enhanced robustness Slide 8 Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Marvell Semiconductor)

Pilot Results on LC for Industrial Wireless January 2016 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1472r0 November 2017 Pilot Results on LC for Industrial Wireless MIMO measured along robots trajectory Fast time variance due to blocked LOS Spatial diversity creates robust link High availability can be reached using MIMO/macro diversity Fit well to low SNR and moderate data rate rate requirements Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Huawei Technologies)

January 2016 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1472r0 November 2017 Target for PAR / CSD ■To enable industrial wireless, PAR / CSD should target the following technical requirement. ■Data rate 10 Mbit/s … 1 Gbit/s ■Latency: > 95% of UCs: < 5 ms, few UCs < 1 ms ■Availability: 100%  PHY/MAC support for MIMO and tight integration with RF ■Wavelength: Probably better in IR: 0.8 to 1 µm ■Light flux: similar to industrial lighting ■Compatibility with Industrial Ethernet Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Huawei Technologies)

Use Case 3: Public/Private Premises January 2016 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1472r0 November 2017 Use Case 3: Public/Private Premises LC for wireless access besides RF Combination of illumination and hotspot High requirements on mobile device side Small form factor, low power consumption, low cost Avaiable in large volumes  latest semiconductor technology Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Huawei Technologies)

Pilot results in Public/Private Premises January 2016 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1472r0 November 2017 Pilot results in Public/Private Premises Distributed LC Access Points LC Devices Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Huawei Technologies)

January 2016 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1472r0 November 2017 Target for PAR / CSD ■To enable LC in public/privat premises, PAR / CSD should target the following technical requirement. ■Data rate 100 Mbit/s … 1 Gbit/s ■Wavelength: visible or infrared downlink 0.4-1 µm, infrared uplink 0.8-1µm ■Mobility between distributed access points ■Multiuser support 3-5 users/access point ■Light flux: like ambient lighting in work areas ■Mobile devices with high performance, low energy consumption, small form factor, low cost Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Huawei Technologies)

Summary of Targets for PAR / CSD January 2016 doc.: IEEE 802.11-15/1472r0 November 2017 Summary of Targets for PAR / CSD ■To enable LC for backhaul, industrial and public/privat premises, PAR / CSD should target the following technical requirement. ■Data rate 10 Mbit/s … 10 Gbit/s ■Wavelength: visible and infrared 0.4-1 µm ■Light flux: like ambient lighting in work/private areas ■Availability: 100%  PHY/MAC support for MIMO ■Latency: > 95% of UCs: < 5 ms, few UCs < 1 ms ■Multiuser support 3-5 users/access point ■Tight integration of LC with RF ■Mobility between distributed LC and RF access points ■Mobile devices with high performance, low energy consumption, small form factor, low cost Volker Jungnickel (Fraunhofer HHI) Edward Au (Huawei Technologies)