Post-industrialisation of German cities

For example: The Ruhr Area Main line of industrialisation: South-North direction (Hellweg to Emscher-Lippe) Ecomomic reason: coal mining and then following steal production After World War 2: Engine of economic recapturing

For example: The Ruhr Area Development without master plan (sectoral planning by the Siedlungsverbund Ruhrkohlebezirk (SVR) since 1920) Mainly directed by the needs of the large fabrics and mining companies Without political centrality(despite attempts of the Weimar republic like Pobert Schmidt‘s concept of the „Metropolis Ruhr“)

De-industrialisation in 5 phases Phase 1 (from 1958) First coal crisis Establishment of new industries Decision making mainly in the hands of the administrative offices

De-industrialisation in 5 phases Phase 2 (from 1966) Second coal crisis Social-liberal government in NRW Cooperation between regional governement and a few cities Creation of interlocal competition Establishment of new industries with state support (Opel in Bochum) Local administration closely linked to „Düsseldorf“

De-industrialisation in 5 phases Phase 3 (from 1975) Increasing unemployment in all „fordist“ production branches No new industries Professionalisation of local politics Increasing local embedding of SPD-politicians (Doppelmandat)

De-industrialisation in 5 phases Phase 4 (from 1989) Increasing dependency from regional state (Land) Political depowering (From SVR to KVR) From programme to projects (IBA Emscherpark)

De-industrialisation in 5 phases Phase 5 (from 2002) Establishment of some post-fordist economy Devide between „rich“ South and „poor“ North End of political dominance of the SPD

For example Oberhausen

For example Oberhausen 1861. 5,000 inhabitants Boom with the establishment of the „Guthoffnungshütte“ Constant decline since 50 years 1961 1990 Miners 16,000 700 Steal workers 14,000 200 Industrial workers 63,000 20,000

IBA Playground

Ambivalent political project: CentrO

Psychological coping strategies of post-industrialism (according to Gerald Wood) Relativation of the problems „Others are having it worth“ „We still have no hunger“ „As long as you are healthy“

Psychological coping strategies of post-industrialism (according to Gerald Wood) 2. Individualisation „It is my own fault“ „You can improve your life yourself“ „Only if you are lazy you stay unemployment“

Psychological coping strategies of post-industrialism (according to Gerald Wood) 3. Distanciation „I wanted to leave anyway“ „As long as I am not concerned, I do not care“ „Work is not everything“

Psychological coping strategies of post-industrialism (according to Gerald Wood) 4. Exclusion „I do not want to see that unemployment is talked about“ „The working people should be helped first“ „Without the foreigners, we would have work“

Psychological coping strategies of post-industrialism (according to Gerald Wood) 5. Looking at power relations „It is the fault of the management“ „We poor people are always the victim“ „Politician do no longer care about us“

Psychological coping strategies of post-industrialism (according to Gerald Wood) 6. Nostalgy „It was a good time when we had work“ „People cared more for each other“ „It will never be the same“