Automobile engineering Submitted to: KAPENDER PHOGAT SHIVAM KANT 2012BTECHME031

CONTENTS STARTER MOTOR TYPES OF DRIVE ALTERNATOR VOLTAGE REGULATIONS

STARTER MOTOR

A starter motor converts the electrical energy stored in the battery into mechanical energy to crank the engine for starting. It consists of: Field coils Armature Commutator Brushes A drive pinion with an over-running clutch A drive pinion engagement solenoid and shift fork.

The armature is the revolving component of the direct current motor The armature is the revolving component of the direct current motor. The armature shaft is supported at each end by bushes pressed into end frames which locate the armature centrally in the outer casing or yoke of the motor. The commutator end frame carries the copper-impregnated carbon brushes which conduct current through the armature when it is being rotated in operation. The current from the positive terminal of the battery flows to the right-hand brush and segment, round the armature loop, and comes out of the left-hand segment and brush. It then circulates through the left-and right-hand yoke field windings and returns to the negative terminal of the battery.

TYPES OF DRIVE

Whether the vehicle can be driven sitting towards right or left side: (a) Left hand drive e.g., American vehicles for use in U.S.A. (b) Right hand drive e.g., Indian vehicles.

Whether the front wheel, rear wheel or all wheel drive. (a) Front wheel drive, e.g., Volkswagen car, Maruti car (b) Rear wheel drive, e.g., Premier, Ambassador cars (c) All wheel drive: Jeeps

ALTERNATOR

Alternators are electromechanical device used in automobiles to convert mechanical energy to alternating current electrical energy. This alternator works together with the battery to supply power when the vehicle is running. The alternator contains: • A rotating field winding called the rotor. • A stationary induction winding called the stator. • A diode assembly called the rectifier bridge. • A control device called the voltage regulator. • Two internal fans to promote air circulation.

VOLTAGE REGULATIONS

The regulator will attempt to maintain a pre-determined charging system voltage level. • When charging system voltage falls below this point, the regulator will increase the field current, thus strengthening the magnetic field, which results in an increase of alternator output. • When charging system voltage raises above this point, the regulator will decrease field current , thus weakening the magnetic field, and results in a decrease of alternator output.

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