Land-based Pollution Threats to Coral Reefs

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Presentation transcript:

Land-based Pollution Threats to Coral Reefs Coral Ecosystems: Land-based Pollution Threats to Coral Reefs

Land-based Pollution Threats to Coral Reefs

Outline Coral biology Value of coral reefs Land-based pollution impacts Management actions Teaching resources

Outline Coral biology Value of coral reefs Land-based pollution impacts Management actions Teaching resources

What is coral? Plant Animal Both?

Coral is as an animal with an algal symbiont Source: NOAA

Reef building corals require: Warm water: 75 – 85 Fahrenheit degrees Light: Shallow and sediment free waters Salinity: 34 – 37 ppt PCS

Coral reef distribution Source: http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/corals/media/supp_coral05a.html

Outline Coral biology Value of coral reefs Known effects of land-based pollution Management actions Teaching resources

Coral reefs are valuable Biodiversity Fisheries Shoreline protection Pharmaceuticals Tourism Education Culture Social values

Coral reefs: rainforests of the sea How many species of fish live on reefs? 40 400 4000 PCS

Coral reefs protect the shore-line

Reefs are important economically Hawaii: Net benefits = $360 million year Overall asset value MHI = $10 billion Study by: Cesar & van Beukering 2004

Many threats to Coral Reefs Key threats to US reefs: Over-fishing Land-based sources of pollution Recreational overuse/misuse Lack of public awareness Climate change & coral bleaching Disease

Outline Coral biology Value of coral reefs Land-based pollution impacts Management actions Teaching resources

Land and sea are connected

Photo’s courtesy of Malama Maunalua

Many sources of land-based pollution .

Runoff threatens coral reefs globally Models estimate that 22% of all coral reefs world-wide are at high or medium threat from inland pollution and soil erosion. (Bryant et al. 1998). USGS

Runoff impacts growth & survival of hard coral colonies Bill Walsh DAR

Sediments reduce light and decrease coral growth

Sediments smother coral & sloughing wastes energy

Coral settlement rates are near zero on sediment covered surfaces Sediment tolerance is lower in new recruits

Runoff effects reef community structure Honolua Bay, Maui

Outline Coral biology Value of coral reefs Land-based pollution impacts Management actions Teaching resources

Managing land-based pollution US Coral Reef Task Force formed Addressing key threats to reefs is a national priority Development of local action strategies More information: http://coralreef.gov

Taking action to: Reduce pollutant loads Increase understanding through scientific research & monitoring Increase awareness

Thank you