Chapter 10 The Peritoneum SPLANCHNOLOGY Chapter 10 The Peritoneum General description Relationship between the abdominopelvic viscera and peritoneum Structures formed by the peritoneum Subdivision of the peritoneal cavity

General description peritoneal cavity The peritoneum lines the wall of abdominal and pelvic cavities, and covers the abdominal and pelvic viscera. It is composed of a single layer of mesothelium supported by a thin layer of connective tissue termed the serous membrane parietal peritoneum The peritoneum lining the wall of abdominal and pelvic cavities is parietal peritoneum 。 visceral peritoneum covering the viscera peritoneal cavity The potential space between the parietal and visceral peritonea is the peritoneal cavity

Relationship between the abdominopelvic viscera and peritoneum Intraperitoneal organs almost completely surrounds with peritoneum the stomach, superior part of duodenum, jejunum, cecum, vermiform appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, spleen, ovary, uterine tube Interperitoneal organs covered by peritoneum on their three aspects the liver, gallbladder, urinary bladder, uterus, upper part of the rectum, ascending and descending colon. Retroperitoneal organs Only the anterior part of these organs is covered by the peritoneum the kidneys, suprarenal glands, ureters, major part of duodenum, pancreas (except for its tail), and lower part of the rectum

Structures formed by the peritoneum Omenta The omentum is double-layered extension or fold of peritoneum that connects the greater curvature or lesser curvature of the stomach Lesser omentum hepatogastric ligament hepatoduodenal ligament right anterior :the bile duct left anterior : the proper hepatic artery posterior:hepatic portal vein

Greater omentum gastrocolic ligament ⑴

Omental bursa and omental foramen omental bursa （lesser peritoneal cavity ） There is a potential, narrow space between the lesser omentum, the posterior wall of the stomach and the posterior wall of the abdomen anterior wall the lesser omentum, the posterior wall of the stomach and the gastrocolic ligament posterior wall the peritoneum covering the pancreas, the left kidney and suprarenal gland superior wall the inferior surface of the caudate lobe of the liver and the peritoneum covering diaphragm inferior wall the transverse mesocolon and the site that the anterior and posterior layers of the greater omentum fuse the left the spleen, the gastrosplenic and splenorenal ligament . the right the omental bursa communicates with the greater sac through the omental foramen.

omental foramen (foramen of Winslow) is located posterior to the hepatoduodenal ligament (free edge of lesser omentum), upper bound The caudate lobe of the liver lower bound The superior part of the duodenum prozone the hepatoduodenal ligament Post bound The inferior vena cava

Mesenteries mesentery mesoappendix transverse mesocolon sigmoid mesocolon

Ligaments Ligaments of the liver falciform ligament ligamentun teres hepatis coronary ligament right and left triangular ligaments

Ligaments of the spleen gastrosplenic ligament splenorenal ligament phrenicosplenic ligament

Ligaments of the stomach Hepatogastric ligament gastrosplenic ligament gastrocolic ligament gastrophrenic ligament phrenicocolic ligament

Folds, peritoneal recesses, and pouches Folds and peritoneal recesses of posterior abdominal wall the superior duodenal fold superior and inferior duodenal recesses retrocecal recesses intersigmoid recess

Folds and peritoneal fossae of anterior abdominal wall median umbilical fold ⑴ medial umbilical folds ⑵ lateral umbilical folds ⑶ supravesical fossa⑷ medial inguinal fossa (superficial inguinal ring ) ⑸ lateral inguinal fossa (deep inguinal ring ） ⑹ rectus abdominis ⑴ parietal peritoneum ⑶ ⑵ ⑹ ⑸ ⑷ urinary bladder

Male ：rectovesical pouch ⑴ Pouches Male ：rectovesical pouch ⑴ Female: the rectouterine pouch (Douglas pouch) ⑵ the vesicouterine pouch ⑶ ⑵ ⑴ ⑶

Subdivision of the peritoneal cavity subphrenic space The peritoneal cavity is divided into the supracolic and infracolic compartments by the transverse colon and transverse mesocolon Suprahepatic space left anterior suprahepatic spaces left posterior suprahepatic spaces right anterior suprahepatic spaces right posterior suprahepatic spaces right suprahepatic spaces left suprahepatic spaces

Subhepatic space left subhepatic spaces left anterior and left posterior subhepatic spaces right subhepatic spaces

Infracolic compartment Paracolic sulci Mesenteric sinuses left paracolic sulcus right paracolic sulcus right mesenteric sinus left mesenteric sinus