Infrared Medium-deep Survey Myungshin Im1, Jae-Woo Kim1, Seong-Kook J. Lee1, Yiseul Jeon1, Yongjung Kim1, Soojong Pak2, Yongmin Yoon1, Won-Kee Park1,3, Ji Hoon Kim1, Marios Karouzos1, Changsu Choi1, Hyunsung Jun1, Dohyeong Kim1, Jueun Hong1, Duho Kim1, Minhee Hyun1, Yoon Chan Taak1, Giseon Baek2, Hyeonju Jeong2, Juhee Lim2, Eunbin Kim2, Nahyun Choi2, Hye-In Lee2, K. M. Bae2, & Seunghyuk Chang4 & IMS Team 1CEOU/Astronomy Program, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, KOREA, 2School of Space Research, Kyung Hee University, Suwon 446-741, KOREA, 3Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon 305-348, KOREA, 4Samsung Electronics, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-370, KOREA 2016. 09. 29 The 10th East Asian Meeting on Astronomy, SNU, Seoul, Korea

Infrared Medium-deep Survey Imaging survey at J(Y) < 23 AB mag, 130 deg2 of 7 fields Follow-up NIR imaging of high redshift objects selected from 2000+ deg2 ~30 members from SNU, KHU, KASI, ASIAA, NCU, Subaru Observation with UKIRT, McDonald 2.1m, since 2010 UKIRT 3.9-m (zYJHK) McDonald 2.1-m with CQUEAN (grizY, is/iz) 2016. 09. 29 The 10th East Asian Meeting on Astronomy, SNU, Seoul, Korea

Key Scientific Questions Massive clusters at z > 1! (Foley et al. 2011 + many) How did galaxies evolve? LCDM universe OK? Dark halo/galaxy relation? Massive clusters at z > 1 Supermassive Black Holes (109 – 1010 M⊙) at z < 7 (Fan et al. 2005; Mortlock et al. 2011) When and how did they emerge? Re-ionization State of IGM? Quasars at 5 < z < 7.5 First stars at z ~ 11.5? (Planck results +) Death of massive stars? GRBs and SNe 2016. 09. 29 The 10th East Asian Meeting on Astronomy, SNU, Seoul, Korea

High Redshift Objects Are Red NIR imaging is essential QSO at z=7 Galaxy at z=2 Brown dwarf 2016. 09. 29 The 10th East Asian Meeting on Astronomy, SNU, Seoul, Korea

Survey Design : How Many, How Deep? Quasars and galaxy clusters at high redshift 23 ABmag 1 .How faint? 2. How many? 3. What wavelength? 0.01 to 1 per 1 sq. degree 0.9 – 1 μm or longer: J or Y-band QSO LF@z=6 (Willott et al. 2010) 2016. 09. 29 The 10th East Asian Meeting on Astronomy, SNU, Seoul, Korea Im et al. (2002)

IMS Fields: Total ~ 130 deg2 2016. 09. 29 Field RA Dec Area (deg2) Optical Coverage (mag/deg2) NIR Coverage IR coverage XMM-LSS 02:21:20 -04:30 5 CFHTLS-W1 (35 MegaPipe z-fields, z ~ 25AB/72deg2), NOAO DWS, Maidanak Y-band UKIDSS DXS+UDS (2.6/8.75) SWIRE (9.2) CFHTLS-W2 08:54 -04:15 49 CFHLTLS-W2 (19 MegaPipe z-fields, z~25AB/49 deg2), COSMOS HST (1.8 deg2) No NIR yet Lockman Hole 10:45:00 58:00 15 CFHT MegaPipe Archive (15 fields), Subaru (~18 fields, I = 26 AB, B=27AB) UKIDSS DXS (1/8.75) SWIRE (11) EGS 14:17 54:30 CFHTLS-W3 (44 MegaPipe z-fields, z~25ABmag/49 deg2) IRAC GTO data, AKARI 15 micron ELAIS-N1 16:11:00 55:00 9 CFHT MegaPipe (9 fields, z~25AB mag) Subaru Deep I (18 fields (5 deg2) UKIDSS DXS+UDS (1.7/8.75) ELAIS-N2 16:36:48 41:01:45 6 CFHT MegaPipe (6 fields, z~25 AB mag), Subaru Deep I (18 fields (5 deg2) SWIRE(4.8) SA22 22:17 00:20 16 CFHLTLS-W4 (20 MegaPipe z-fields, z~25AB/16 deg2 UKIDSS DXS+UDS (3.5/8.75) None 2016. 09. 29

The 10th East Asian Meeting on Astronomy, SNU, Seoul, Korea Science Highlights High redshift quasars High redshift galaxy clusters/galaxies Transient objects (GRBs, TDE, SNe, etc) 2016. 09. 29 The 10th East Asian Meeting on Astronomy, SNU, Seoul, Korea

SMBH Mass Evolution ? z ~ 5.5 z > 6.5 Fast growth from AKARI points (Jun, H., MI, et al. 2015) ? Fast growth from stellar mass BHs Slow growth with heavy BH seeds 1010 M⊙ at z ~ 5 (1.2 Gyr), and out to z ~ 6.4 (0.95 Gyr) Lbol/LEdd ~ 1  Eddington-limited accretion (e.g., Willott et al. 2010) What was happening at z ~ 5.5 and z > 7?

z~5.5 Quasars Stars Quasars Chiu et al. 2005 Identification of z ~ 5.5 Difficult due to photometric properties of existing surveys

High Redshift Quasar Selection @z=5. 5 and z=6 High Redshift Quasar Selection @z=5.5 and z=6.5 NIR+WISE color  Follow-up with Special filters

CQUEAN, Camera for QUasars in EArly uNiverse Kyungheee Univ.(S. Pak)/SNU NIR sensitive (~1 micron) Custom is and iz filters - tailored for high-z QSO selection Focal Reducer (3x, 5’ x 5’) Auto-guiding system Installed on the 2.1m at McDonald Observatory ~30 nights/year for high redshift quasar survey

Spectroscopic confirmation of Bright QSOs at z ~ 5.5 and z ~ 6 Spectroscopic identification of 8 QSOs at z = 5 – 6 (all with 3-4m class telescopes) More spectroscopy to come (BH mass, IGM study) z = 6.0 Lyα Jeon, Y., MI, et al. 2016, in prep. 2016. 09. 29 The 10th East Asian Meeting on Astronomy, SNU, Seoul, Korea

Magellan FIRE Spectroscopy MgII  MBH 2016. 09. 29 The 10th East Asian Meeting on Astronomy, SNU, Seoul, Korea

Luminous z ~ 5 Quasars are at near maximal accretion 2016. 09. 29 The 10th East Asian Meeting on Astronomy, SNU, Seoul, Korea

Discovery of a Faint Quasar at z ~ 6 Gemini-S GMOS 2016. 09. 29 The 10th East Asian Meeting on Astronomy, SNU, Seoul, Korea

What are the main sources that illuminated the early universe? Quasar LF (Kim et al. 2015) Many quasars: Quasars Few Quasars: Galaxies 2016. 09. 29 The 10th East Asian Meeting on Astronomy, SNU, Seoul, Korea

The 10th East Asian Meeting on Astronomy, SNU, Seoul, Korea 2016. 09. 29 The 10th East Asian Meeting on Astronomy, SNU, Seoul, Korea

High Redshift Clusters > 100s clusters at z < 1: Good agreement with CDM universe Clusters at z > 1 (Overzier et al. 2008, Kang & Im 2009; Matsuda et al. 2011; Capak et al. 2011,…; 1 < z < 5.3)  Not many, trouble with CDM universe? Superclusters@z ~ 1?? 2016. 09. 29 The 10th East Asian Meeting on Astronomy, SNU, Seoul, Korea

Search for High Redshift Clusters Photometric redshift or color-color diagram  Redshift bin  Identify over-dense area z - J 3.6 – 4.5 micron 2016. 09. 29 The 10th East Asian Meeting on Astronomy, SNU, Seoul, Korea

The 10th East Asian Meeting on Astronomy, SNU, Seoul, Korea Cluster at z=1.1 1000 candidates identified (See P4-17, 21, 42, 45 by Kim, Lee, Hyun, Karouzos et al.) 2016. 09. 29 The 10th East Asian Meeting on Astronomy, SNU, Seoul, Korea

IMACS Observation

Three clusters with 1014 > Msun 140 Mpc 35 Mpc Discovery of supercluster @z =0.9 in SSA22 (Jae-Woo Kim, MI, et al. 2015) See also, poster by Minhee Hyun (P4.1) for ELAIS-N1 2016. 09. 29 The 10th East Asian Meeting on Astronomy, SNU, Seoul, Korea

Simulation shows triple clusters are unlikely to be found at z=0.9 IMS SSA22 area Red points: cluster > 1014 Msun 2016. 09. 29 The 10th East Asian Meeting on Astronomy, SNU, Seoul, Korea

The 10th East Asian Meeting on Astronomy, SNU, Seoul, Korea IMACS 2016. 09. 29 The 10th East Asian Meeting on Astronomy, SNU, Seoul, Korea

Passive fraction (Npassive/Ntotal) Fraction of Quiescent Galaxy At z > 1.4, mass dependent (not environment) At z < 1.4, environment becomes important Seong-Kook Lee, MI, et al. 2015 (Talk later) log (M*/M⊙) ≥ 9.1 log (M*/M⊙) ≥ 10.0 Red: Cluster Blue: Field Passive fraction (Npassive/Ntotal) 2014. 8. 18 – 8. 22 APRIM 2014, Daejon

The 10th East Asian Meeting on Astronomy, SNU, Seoul, Korea GRB, Transients Tidal disruption event: Swift J1644+57 (Burrows et al. .., MI, .., 2011, Nature) Long-term (3 years) monitoring results (Yoon, et al. 2015) Christmas Burst, GRB 101225A (Thone, , MI,.. et al. 2011, Nature) CQUEAN riz data helped determine the black body radiation afterglow 2016. 09. 29 The 10th East Asian Meeting on Astronomy, SNU, Seoul, Korea

Swift J1644+57 Long-term Light Curve Before host subtraction ∝ t-0.4 After host subtraction ∝ t-1.1 ( c.f. TD ∝ t-5/3 ) 2016. 09. 29 The 10th East Asian Meeting on Astronomy, SNU, Seoul, Korea

Black hole responsible for Swift J1644+54 (YM Yoon, MI, et al. 2015) Yongmin Yoon (P4.7) Long-term monitoring data  host galaxy property  MBH ~ a few x 106 M⊙ 2016. 09. 29 The 10th East Asian Meeting on Astronomy, SNU, Seoul, Korea

The 10th East Asian Meeting on Astronomy, SNU, Seoul, Korea New CQUEAN filters Medium-band filters on CQUEAN-II From 0.6 – 1.0 micron, 0.5 micron width Good for QSOs at 4 < z < 7, red galaxies at 0.5 < z < 1.5 (accurate photo-z) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2016. 09. 29 The 10th East Asian Meeting on Astronomy, SNU, Seoul, Korea

Faint z=5-6 quasar selection z-band ~ 21.5-23 AB mag Gemini-S GMOS spectroscopy confirmation BH mass, LF Jeon, MI, et al. (2016) 2016. 09. 29 The 10th East Asian Meeting on Astronomy, SNU, Seoul, Korea

The 10th East Asian Meeting on Astronomy, SNU, Seoul, Korea Summary Infrared Medium-deep Survey - 130 deg2 imaging in J and Y (23 AB mag) - CQUEAN imaging of high redshift objects (2000+ deg2) - Transient follow-up Bright quasars at z ~ 5 – 5.5 Faint quasars at z ~ 5 - 6 Superclusters/clusters at z ~ 1 2016. 09. 29 The 10th East Asian Meeting on Astronomy, SNU, Seoul, Korea