Mr. Hulyo Honors World History November 2016 The reformation

religious ceremony that is regarded as an outward & visible sign of inward & spiritual grace SACRAMENT

A PARDON RELEASING A PERSON FROM PUNISHMENTS DUE FOR A SIN INDULGENCE

A person holding an opinion at odds with the church HERETIC

Taking away of a person’s right of membership in the church EXCOMMUNICATE

belief that everything that happens has already been determined by God PREDESTINATION

Plain, everyday native language VERNACULAR

November 30 warm-up 3. What political, economic, and social factors helped bring about the Reformation? 7. Do you think Luther or Henry VIII had a better reason to break with the Church? 8. How did the Catholic Church respond to Luther’s teachings? Why do you think this was so?

Obj. – protestant refor. We will identify the influential thinkers and leaders of the Protestant Reformation.

Luther’s teachings “The Just shall live by Faith.” [Romans 1:17] Salvation by God’s grace overcomes the sinful nature of man If you have faith you will do good works

Luther’s teachings People could win salvation only by faith in God’s gift of forgiveness. The church taught that faith and “good works” were needed for salvation. All Church teachings should be clearly based on the words of the Bible. Both the Pope and Church traditions were false authorities All people with faith were equal. Therefore, people did not need priests to interpret the Bible for them.

95 Theses October 31, 1517 Luther is infuriated by Johann Tetzel who sold indulgences outside the city of Wittenburg Writes 95 grievances against the Church and nails them to the castle church door in Wittenburg hoping to spark debate The printing press spread his ideas throughout Europe In 1519 Jan Eck challenges Luther to a debate where he accuses Luther of heresy for questioning the authority of the Church

Luther’s grievances Offended by the splendor and the money being spent by the Church on paintings and new churches The sale of indulgences with the purpose of buying your way out of purgatory The sale of church offices

aftermath 1520- Luther is excommunicated April 1521- Luther is ordered to appear at the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire in Worms Emperor orders him to take back his 95 Theses “Here I stand, I can do no more.” Edict of Worms—Luther labeled a heretic, his writings ordered burned, & he was to be arrested Council of Trent reforms many of the things that Luther addressed in his 95 Theses

Counter-reformation The Spread of Protestantism Decline in church membership Lutheranism was adopted by German princes Weakened authority of the Pope

Council of trent Series of ecumenical councils between 1545-1563 to determine what to do in response to the Reformation

Actions taken Ends the sale of church offices Reaffirms the two sources of God’s truth—Scripture and Tradition Calls for better priest training Reaffirms that faith and works, or sacraments, are necessary for salvation Continuation of indulgences (will die out) and worship of relics Retains the Latin language as the official Bible of the Catholic church Continuation of clerical celibacy The Church’s interpretation of the Bible is final (Forbidden Books)