5/1/17 5/1 Transverse Waves TB p. 495 Part B #7-15 5/2 Compressional Waves TB p. 497 Part C TB p. 498-502 CN 5/3 Compressional Waves TB p. 498-502 CN HW: TB p. 502 #1-3 5/4 Wave Notes / TB p. 504 Essential Questions 5/5 Test- Roller Coaster Physics/ Waves

2nd Front Windows

3rd Front Windows

7th Front Windows

Date: 5/1 Objective: I can investigate the motion of waves and calculate the speed of a wave pulse. Bell Ringer: Momentum – Passage 1 Concern over long-term neurocognitive effects of concussion related injuries have prompted numerous studies of head impacts in football and effectiveness of protective helmets. Researchers are concerned about the damaging effect of high accelerations and large forces. Study 3: In a study an entire high school football team was fitted with accelerometer-equipped helmets during both practice and games for an entire season. Researchers investigated both linear and rotational accelerations by player position and impact location for both practices and games. Results are summarized in Table 6. In Study 3, the most damaging collisions are those which have the smallest: A. Head jerk B. Force C. Impulse D. Time duration

Date: 4/7 Objective: I can investigate the motion of waves and calculate the speed of a wave pulse.. Bell Ringer: Momentum – Passage 1 Concern over long-term neurocognitive effects of concussion related injuries have prompted numerous studies of head impacts in football and effectiveness of protective helmets. Researchers are concerned about the damaging effect of high accelerations and large forces. Study 3: In a study an entire high school football team was fitted with accelerometer-equipped helmets during both practice and games for an entire season. Researchers investigated both linear and rotational accelerations by player position and impact location for both practices and games. Results are summarized in Table 6. Which of he following conclusions are supported by data presented in Passage 1? Collisions occurring in games are less dangerous than those occurring in practice. Collisions to the top of the helmet are likely to be most dangerous. Lineman encounter the most damaging collisions. Collisions are less damaging when wearing a helmet.

Date: 5/1 Objective: I can investigate the motion of waves and calculate the speed of a wave pulse. As a class complete #7-10 TB p. 495 Title: 5/1 TB p.495

Date: 1/2/13 Objective: I can investigate the relationship among wave speed, wavelength, and frequency. Waves TB p. 496-497 # 11-13a Class activity

Date: 5/2 Objective: I can understand the terminology used to describe waves Bell Ringer: Finish the statement A transverse pulse is one in which the motion of the wave is perpendicular to….. As the amplitude of the transverse pulse on a spring increases, its speed….. As the frequency of a standing wave increases, the wavelength…..

Date: 5/2 Objective: I can understand the terminology use to describe waves Waves Definitions On a whole page in your notebook create three columns down the page with the following headings Term What you think it means New information

Date: 5/1 Objective: I can investigate the motion of waves and calculate the speed of a wave pulse. Write these terms with space between Term What you think it means New information Wave Medium Periodic Crest Trough amplitude

Date: 5/1 Objective: I can investigate the motion of waves and calculate the speed of a wave pulse. Term What you think it means New information Wavelength Frequency Period Transverse Wave Longitudinal Standing

Date: 5/1 Objective: I can investigate the motion of waves and calculate the speed of a wave pulse. Get a textbook Independently read TB p. 498-502 and take CN Title: TB p. 498 CN

Date: 5/3 Objective: I can investigate longitudinal waves Bell Ringer: Draw a transverse wave and label the follow terms: crest, trough, amplitude, wavelength

Date: 5/3 Objective: I can investigate longitudinal waves As a class complete Part C on TB pp. 497 Title: 5/3 TB 497 Part C

Date: 5/3 Objective: I can investigate longitudinal waves With your shoulder partner complete TB p. 504 Essential Questions in your NB Title: 5/3 TB p. 504

Date: 5/3 Objective: I can investigate longitudinal waves With your group complete Part C on TB pp. 497 Person #1 and #2 to conduct experiment Person #3 is the timer Person #4 reads directions and record data

Date: 5/3 Objective: I can investigate the motion of waves and calculate the speed of a wave pulse. Wave video

Exit slip Independently answer the question Does the speed of the wave depend on the amplitude of the wave? Provide evidence from your investigation to justify your answer

Date: 5/3 Objective: I can investigate longitudinal waves Bell Ringer: Draw a transverse wave and label the follow terms: crest, trough, amplitude, wavelength

Date: 5/4 Objective: I can measure the wavelength, amplitude and frequency of a wave. Draw a periodic transverse wave with an amplitude of .04m and a wavelength of 0.18m on a graph like the one below.

Date: 5/5 Objective: I can measure the wavelength, amplitude and frequency of a wave. Draw a periodic transverse wave with an amplitude of .02m and a wavelength of 0.10m on a graph like the one below.

Date: 5/5 Objective: I can measure the wavelength, amplitude and frequency of a wave. Bell Ringer : #2 In the string activity you performed, what are two ways you could make a higher pitched sound?

Date: 5/4 Objective: I can measure the wavelength, amplitude and frequency of a wave. With your shoulder partner complete the worksheet “Physics: Period, Frequency, wavelength and Amplitude

Date: Objective: I can work with my shoulder partner and group to review for my final exam. Bell Ringer: How many hours are between high tide on Tuesday and high tide on Wednesday?

Date: Objective: I can investigate the relationship among wave speed, wavelength, and frequency. Bell Ringer: 1.Energy is measured in the same units as: work. b. momentum. c. power. d. force. A girl lifts a 8N ball a distance of 2m in 4 seconds. What is the power the girl has supplied to lift the ball? a. 2 watts b. 3watts c. 4 watts d. 16 watts

Date: Objective: I can investigate the relationship among wave speed, wavelength, and frequency. Get a textbook TB p. 495 #13-15 Title: TB p. 495

Date: Objective: I can investigate the relationship among wave speed, wavelength, and frequency. Bell ringer: (3rd Q Exam review) In the roller coaster project your team calculated the velocity of your roller coaster at the bottom of the first hill. Calculate the velocity of a 3700 kg roller coaster at the bottom of a 18m tall hill. 2. Two bodies attract one another with a gravitational force of 20N. What will be the force of attraction if the mass of each body is tripled?

Date: Objective: I can investigate the relationship among wave speed, wavelength, and frequency. Bell Ringer: A boy has .15-kilogram ball on a string. Above his head, he swings the ball in a horizontal circle with a radius of 1.2 meters at 2.3 m/s. The diagram below is a top view of the situation. 1. What is the magnitude of the centripetal force acting on the ball? 2. When the ball reaches point R, where is the centripetal acceleration of the ball directed?

Wave Parameters Wavelength (l) length or size of one oscillation Amplitude (A) strength of disturbance (intensity) Frequency (f) repetition / how often they occur per second

Date: Objective: I can investigate the relationship among wave speed, wavelength, and frequency. Get a textbook TB p. 497 Part C Title: TB p. 497 Part C With your group complete Part C on TB pp. 497 Person #1 and #2 to conduct experiment Person #3 is the timer Person #4 reads directions and record data

Date: Objective: I can investigate the motion of waves and calculate the speed of a wave pulse. With your group complete Part C on TB pp. 497 Person #1 and #2 to conduct experiment Person #3 is the timer Person #4 reads directions and record data

Date: 1/2/13 Objective: I can investigate the relationship among wave speed, wavelength, and frequency. Waves TB p. 496-497 # 11-13a Class activity

Date: 4/15 Objective: As a class work together to make a wave machine The class will work together to create a wave machine like the one shown in the video. Mr. Stoll will not be assisting you. If you complete the wave machine and every student participates, the class will be awarded extra credit points towards your midterm grade. If you do not succeed…… you get nothing. You have 25 minutes after watching the video.

Date: Objective: As a class work together to make a wave machine Video

Date: Objective: As a class work together to make a wave machine You will need one project coordinator One person for stand set up One person to hand out supplies Two people to measure and mark the duct tape Every student gets 1 skewer stick and 2 gummi bears. Every student puts gummi bears on their skewer and places the completed skewer on the duct tape. Use the physics stands to hold the tape. You have just enough supplies for your class. Don’t eat the bears, or you will not complete your task! 25 Minutes

The Nature of Waves Wave is a traveling disturbance. Wave carries energy from place to place.

Types of waves There are two basic types of waves: Transverse and longitudinal waves.

Transverse waves

Transverse waves A transverse wave is one in which the disturbance is perpendicular to the direction of travel of the wave. Examples: Light wave, waves on a guitar string.

Longitudinal Waves

Longitudinal Waves Longitudinal wave is one in which the disturbance is parallel to the line of travel of the wave. Example: Sound wave in air is a longitudinal wave.

Types of Waves Longitudinal wave Transverse Wave oscillations are in the direction of motion (parallel to the motion) Transverse Wave oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of Motion

Physical Examples Longitudinal wave Transverse Wave sound waves earthquake P-waves Transverse Wave water waves earthquake S-waves light waves

Water Waves Water waves are partly transverse and longitudinal.

Wave Parameters Wavelength (l) length or size of one oscillation Amplitude (A) strength of disturbance (intensity) Frequency (f) repetition / how often they occur per second

 Periodic Waves Periodic waves are waves that repeat.

Amplitude, Wavelength, and Period The amplitude, A is the maximum disturbance. The wavelength, λ  is the horizontal length of one cycle of the wave. The period, T is the time required for one complete up/down cycle of the wave.

Wave Properties Waves are oscillations and they transport energy. The energy of a wave is proportional to its frequency. Fast oscillation = high frequency = high energy Slow oscillation = low frequency = low energy The amplitude is a measure of the wave intensity. SOUND: amplitude corresponds to loudness LIGHT: amplitude corresponds to brightness

What is the Wave length? Measure from any identical two successive points (nm) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

What is the Wave length? Measure from any identical two successive points (nm) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 30nm – 10nm = 20nm

What is the Wave length? Measure from any identical two successive points There are 4 complete oscillations depicted here ONE WAVE = 1 COMPLETE OSCILLATION (nm) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 22.5nm - 2.5nm = 20nm

Frequency Frequency is the number of waves per unit time.

Frequency Frequency = number of WAVES passing a stationary point per second (Hertz)

Frequency and Period Frequency (f) = number of oscillations passing by per second Period (T) = length of time for one oscillation T = 1/f f = 1/T If a source is oscillating with a period of 0.1 seconds, what is the frequency?

Wave Speed Wave speed depends on the wavelength and frequency. wave speed v = l f Which animal can hear a shorter wavelength? Cats (70,000 Hertz) or Bats (120,000 Hertz) l = v/f

If a source oscillates every 5 seconds, its period is f = 1/(0.1) = 10 Hz It will complete 10 oscillations in one second. (10 Hz) If a source oscillates every 5 seconds, its period is 5 seconds, and then the frequency is…????

f = 1/5 = 0.2 Hz.

Wave Speed

Wave Speed

Wave Speed v = l f Which animal can hear a shorter wavelength? Cats (70,000 Hertz) or Bats (120,000 Hertz) l = v/f Higher frequency = shorter wavelength Lower frequency = longer wavelength

Doppler Effect Change in frequency of a wave due to relative motion between source and observer. A sound wave frequency change is noticed as a change in pitch.

Radio Waves FM vs AM: What's the difference? AM: The amplitude of the signal is varied to incorporate the sound information. Frequencies are in kHz. FM: The frequency of the carrier signal is varied to incorporate the sound information. Frequencies are in MHz.

FM vs AM Advantages and Disadvantages FM signals are not affected by static. With an FM broadcast, slight changes in amplitude don't matter -- since the audio signal is conveyed through changes in frequency, the FM receiver can just ignore changes in amplitude. AM carrier waves have much longer wavelengths than FM carrier waves, and as a result, they can bend around obstacles like mountains and buildings better than FM waves and can travel greater distances before the signal fades.

Doppler Effect for Light Waves Change in frequency of a wave due to relative motion between source and observer. c = l f speed of light = wavelength x frequency c = 3 x 108 m/s E = hf = hc/l energy of a light wave, a photon of frequency (f) or wavelength (l) h = planck’s constant 6.63 x 10-34 J-sec A light wave change in frequency is noticed as a change in “color”.

Constructive Interference Waves combine without any phase difference When they oscillate together (“in phase”)

Wave Addition Amplitude ~ Intensity

Destructive Interference Waves combine differing by multiples of 1/2 wavelength They oscillate “out-of-phase”

Wave Subtraction

Wave Properties Amplitude: Size of wave (perpendicular to direction of propagation) Proportional to Intensity(Sound loudness, Light brightness) Wavelength: l Size of wave (in the direction of propagation) Frequency: Number of waves passing a fixed position per second f (cycles/second, Hertz) Wave Speed: v = l f Frequency increases Frequency decreases Energy increases Energy decreases Wavelength decreases Wavelength increases