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RAYAT SHIKSHAN SANSTHAS VITA HIGHSCHOOL VITA

SUBJECT GENERAL SCIENCE

SUBJECT TEACHER SMT. MULLA M. A.

STD- 8th

CARBON & CARBON COMPOUND TOPIC NAME = CARBON & CARBON COMPOUND

Allotropes Of Carbon crystalline Amorphous All plants & animals products contain carbon as their main constituent. Carbon has atomic number 6 & atomic mass number 12.Its valency is 4. Allotropes Of Carbon crystalline Amorphous

Allotropes of Carbon Graphite Diamond Fullerene NOT CARBON COPIES. Both diamond and graphite are formed from the chemical element carbon, but there are striking differences in their properties. This is explained by their different internal structures. GRAPHITE In graphite, carbon atoms are linked in a hexagonal (six-sided) arrangement in widely spaced layers. The layers are only weakly bonded and can slip easily over one another, making graphite one of the softest minerals. DIAMOND In diamond, each carbon atom is strongly bonded to four others to form a rigid compact structure. This structure makes diamond much harder than graphite. HISTORICAL FACTS: The internal atomic structure of crystals determines their regular shape and other properties. Each atom has its own special position and is tied to others by bonding forces. The atoms of a particular mineral always group in the same way to form crystals of that mineral. In early crystallography, the study of crystals, one of the most significant deductions was made by R.J. Hauay in 1784. In 1808, English chemist J. Dalton defined his theory that matter was built up from tiny particles called atoms. In 1895, German physicist W. Laue realized that X-rays might help determine the arrangement of atoms within a solid. This was the start of our understanding of the inside of crystals. REFERENCE: Eyewitness Books Crystal & Gem Symes and Harding, Alfred A. Knopf Publishing, New York, 1991 ISBN 0-679-80781-0. Pg14 Diamond = repeating tetrahedron Graphite = repeating hexagon Graphite Diamond Fullerene Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 27

Diamond In the diamond crystal , every carbon atom has four atom of carbon at specific distances around it. Diamond

Diamonds in Garage Made gem quality diamonds by burning wood Scholarship Look up reference in Life Magazine Molecular structure of diamond LeMay Jr, Beall, Robblee, Brower, Chemistry Connections to Our Changing World , 1996, page 476

Graphite = Graphitecrystal is a hexagonal Graphite = Graphitecrystal is a hexagonal.Every carbon atom has three other carbon atoms around it at equal distances. gfd Copyright © 2007 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All rights reserved.

Allotropes of Carbon Graphite http://brysonburke.com/graphite_and_pencil.jpg Graphite

Fullerene = The structure of the fullerene is like a football Fullerenes, nanotubes and nanowires - Fullerenes were first identified in 1985 as products of experiments in which graphite was vaporized using a laser, work for which R. F. Curl, Jr., R. E. Smally, and H. W. Kroto shared the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Fullerene research is expected to lead to new materials, lubricants, coatings, catalysts, electro-optical devices, and medical applications.

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