Unit 2: Energy Conservation and Transfer Focus: Nonrenewable Energy Resources/Fossil Fuels and Nuclear Energy Day 2: 11/14/17 Science Starter: The table below shows several minerals found in Earth’s crust. Based on the information in the table, which mineral is also an element? Graphite Quartz Calcite Hematite Based on the information in the table, which mineral is also an element?  

Plan for the Day Finish discussing carrying capacity. Lesson on how electricity is made and begin fossil fuels.

Homework Energy homework questions you got yesterday – due tomorrow. Quiz Thursday over fossil fuels and nuclear energy

Essential Question: – What are some implications (future consequences) of using up, or depleting, our natural resources?

5. Carrying Capacity (cont.) A.d.1 -Carrying capacity generally keeps the population in check. A.d.2 -If population exceeds (goes over) the carrying capacity, the population will decline rapidly, then slowly rebound/increase. A.d. 3 -If population exceeds carrying capacity, the carrying capacity will decline/decrease, then slowly rebound/increase.

Problems our future may hold if we don’t change what we do today: Resource depletion – using up our resources pollution, acid rain, deforestation Food shortages Increases in prices Poor water and air quality Poor Health Wars over resources (food, water, medicine, space) Climate change https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grI3BDSGEC4 Extinction (plant, animal and possibly human)

Enough of the depressing stuff. Let’s start learning about electricity.

What is electricity and how is it made What is electricity and how is it made? Listen for the steps involved in creating, or generating, electricity. School House Rock Retro Electricity

Electricity is simply a flow of electrons. Here are the steps for electricity production by most power plants. Some type of fuel (coal, oil, gas, biomass) is burned to produce heat. The heat heats up water turning it into steam. The steam, under pressure, turns a turbine. The turbine operates a generator, which is the machine that makes the electric current. The electricity (electrical energy) then travels along power lines, going through a few changes in voltage along the way before it gets to homes and businesses. ***YOU MUST HAVE SOME WAY TO OPERATE THE GENERATOR. IT TAKES A TURBINE TO DO THAT! SOMETHING HAS TO MAKE THE TURBINE SPIN. SOME WAYS OF GENERATING ELECTRICITY REQUIRE A FUEL TO BE BURNED TO CREATE STEAM…BUT NOT ALL. WE’LL LEARN ABOUT EACH ONE IN THIS UNIT.

Let’s begin with fossil fuels Let’s begin with fossil fuels. They are the whole reason we study this unit. Can you remember some problems associated with fossil fuels?

Think about it: How can a fuel be a fossil? = ? video clip on fossil fuels

Petroleum – crude oil Natural gas Coal

Let’s begin our group activity (chart on energy resources) Let’s begin our group activity (chart on energy resources). Each group will have one energy resource to “research” (I’ll give you the reading passage) and complete any empty boxes on the energy chart. Be prepared to share your information with the class when the time comes. Every person in the group will be responsible for sharing some of the info. with the class.

Why do you suppose coal burns so easily and efficiently? How Coal Forms Why do you suppose coal burns so easily and efficiently?

How does a coal-fired power plant work?

Why do you suppose oil and natural gas burn so easily and efficiently? How Oil (Petroleum) and Natural Gas Form Why do you suppose oil and natural gas burn so easily and efficiently?

Fossil Fuels How it works:– this is on your chart already; How are they formed: plants & animals buried for millions of years and changed chemically into coal, petroleum, and natural gas (mostly carbon) Advantages: *Convenient-we have the infrastructure (railroads/pipelines) to obtain and transport them/can build these power plants most anywhere *Lots of energy released when burned– very efficient (a lot of electricity from a small amount of coal) *Add this - Inexpensive Disadvantages: *Burning them produces CO2 which may contribute to climate change. *Cause major air pollution (smog) *Add this -Mining destroys wide areas of land, habitats; may contaminate sources of groundwater; may have oil spills Nonrenewable Location – Just need a large body of water nearby- a cooling pond

Let’s watch a Brainpop on Fossil Fuels. Brainpop-Fossil Fuels Listen for the following: *What is a byproduct of burning fossil fuels? *What %’age of energy comes from fossil fuels?

In very large cities, the burning of fossil fuels causes air quality to be so poor that people wear surgical masks to avoid breathing in the particulates (soot, ash, smoke) and chemicals in the unhealthy air. This is mostly caused by the high volume of cars, buses, and other modes of transportation. Gasoline is made from petroleum (crude oil). Coal- and oil-burning power plants and other factories and industries also contribute to this serious problem. How would you feel if this were your reality every day?

Applying two science concepts we learned in the chemistry unit… 1. Why do you suppose coal is pulverized into a fine powder before it goes into the boiler to be burned and heat water? 2. Think about the Law of Conservation of Matter. It says matter (atoms) cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be changed into different substances. Energy, like matter, cannot be created or destroyed either, but it can change form. How does energy change as it goes through the process of being made into electricity?

The Law of Conservation of Energy 1. Coal has a huge amount of chemical energy stored in it (from the ancient plant material it’s made of…mostly carbon). 2. When coal is burned, chemical energy is changed to thermal energy (heat). 3. When the thermal energy heats the water in the pipes, the water changes to steam. Steam, under pressure, turns a turbine. SO, thermal energy is changed to mechanical energy. 4. The turbine operates an electricity generator, SO, mechanical energy is changed into electrical energy. 5. Electrical energy is transported to your home along power lines and allows for all kinds of functions in your home. ****Energy, like matter, cannot be created or destroyed, but can change form.

Read silently and work on your worksheet that is due tomorrow.

Wrap-up What is the most important thing you learned today? Why is this important to you and your world? Be prepared to share.