IMPACT OF HIV/AIDS ON DEVELOPMENT

EVOLUTION OF HIV/AIDS Incidence of the disease adding to the disease burden measure. Sero- prevalence found in the 1986 (eg Gambia) A slow declining rate of the prevalence experienced in the country. Prevalence is at 1.2% (nomial trems1.2/100*1,300,000)people a national problem. Silent epidemic or cold war against the homo- sapen-sapen.

DEMOGRAPHIC EFEECTS High population growth is problem Due to high fertility rate Rapid urbanization Population dynamics has implication of Size Structure Distribution High prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS can be a factor to high infective rate

Demography cont. With high infective rate Life expectancy become shorter The population distribution become spars More active segment of the society is gradually lost etc.

Definition of Development Development is about change growing through changes in total productivity It can also be regarded as enhancing basic human capacity and freedom Or development can be look at as participation in government, or belonging to a nation that is thoroughly independent. Attainment of high level of literacy is also measured as development etc.

PARAMETERS OF DEVELOPMENT Economic Impact On Household Agricultural Production Business Sector Education Health

IMPACT ON: Economic AIDS epidemic has the greatest impact on the most productive :thus The spread of the disease having devastating effect at the household Community Sectoral level Significant negative consequence for the national economy.

Impact Cont. Macro economy This is measured by the % change in GNP growth over time, as a result of HIV/AIDS: Thus the question: How much lower the national income is growing because of HIV/AIDS as opposed to situation in which there is no HIV/AIDS Recent studies has shown that HIV/AIDS economic development through Its impact on key determinants Long- term growth Macro economic policy Societal Institutions Human Capital Investment Social Capital

Impact Cont. Impact On Household Is calculated as the reduction in household saving and wealth or AIDS related expenditures as a % of household income. Limited data is available in most African countries.

Impact Cont. AIDS on Agricultural Production Agric. Production is express as a% change in production. This impact is felt through: Fall in labour productivity Reduction in income which in turn can cut crop yields and agricultural output. The changes may be in two folds Smallholder farming Commercial farms E.g. in Africa, depend on smallholder agriculture sector for their livelihood, Thus; observed negative impact on HIV/AIDS WILL EVENTUALLY DOWN PLAY FOOD SECURITY It will also undermine economic basis of a country and thus retard development

Impact Cont. Business Sector Is measured in the profile of a % change in the enterprise profit or as an increase in cost to firm A number of studies have examined the cost of AIDS and in terms of Higher absenteeism Increased payments for medical care and funerals Cost on worker replacement and training.

Impact Cont. Education Is portrayed in terms of a reduction in school enrolment as a result of Infant and child death Decreased fertility In terms of # of teachers ill or dying of AIDS Or mortality rate amongst education professional Thus this have direct effect on national development.

Impact Cont. Health Hospital bed occupancies is high Public Health spending to AIDS prevention and care is increased Low standard of care due to lack of skill staff Fund to be used for other developmental purposed will be utilized to care PLWHA

POVERTY AND HEALTHCARE Hence poverty implies deprivation or human needs that are not met.It is generally understood to arise from lack of income or assets. This may be : Absolute or Relative The absolute poverty line remains and seeks to identify people who are destitute for instance lack of an income or assets base and the access to social services that mean that individuals or household cannot obtain sufficient food to eat, shelter and health care. Relative This define the minimum basket of goods and services about which there is some agreement within a society that all citizens should have. People are relatively deprived if they cannot obtain the condition of life,that is the diet,amenities,standards and services which allow them to play their roles.